ECCouncil 212-89 (EC-Council Certified Incident Handler) Practice Test 16

Question 150

The first-response lead needs an authorized protection step for this case: An investigator ships an exhibit internationally without checking restrictions on sensitive data and custody documentation. Which controlled first action preserves the relevant evidence and authority?

  1. Hold shipment pending legal and evidence-custodian approval
  2. Use approved routes with sealed packaging and documented transfers
  3. Secure the item and suspend further informal transfers
  4. Identify applicable data-transfer restrictions, legal authority and shipping custody terms

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Preservation is preferable to an unauthorized international transfer; the first-response protection addresses whether cross-border handling is authorized without prematurely altering the scene.

Incorrect Answers

B:

Legitimate movement must maintain both legal compliance and provenance; for whether cross-border handling is authorized, corrective follow-through follows initial protection; immediate evidence protection remains necessary.

C:

Controlled custody limits new uncertainty; the other incident centers on where chain of custody lost accountability, not this immediate evidence protection question about whether cross-border handling is authorized.

D:

Physical shipment may trigger privacy, customs and contractual obligations; the goal is immediate evidence protection for whether cross-border handling is authorized. Investigation alone does not control current conditions.

Question 151

A responder must safeguard a scene or evidence workflow described as follows: A sealed evidence bag is opened for analysis, then returned to storage without a new seal identifier. How should the responder protect this scene or collection workflow now?

  1. Stop unsupervised access until the exhibit is resecured
  2. Record examiner, purpose, condition and replacement seal number
  3. Match entry logs against the original seal and examination schedule
  4. Quarantine the packages until the identity discrepancy is resolved

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Controlled handling restores accountability following opening; this preserves handling integrity for whether seal integrity can be tracked after examination before detailed collection proceeds.

Incorrect Answers

B:

Re-sealing history allows later reviewers to understand every opening; the requirement concerns whether seal integrity can be tracked after examination, so corrective follow-through follows initial protection.

C:

Broken seals require a clear documented reason and a new custody sequence; the goal is immediate evidence protection for whether seal integrity can be tracked after examination. Investigation alone does not control current conditions.

D:

Uncertain evidence should not be silently attributed to a device; it is meant to address whether exhibit identity survives packaging, not immediate evidence protection for whether seal integrity can be tracked after examination.

Question 152

The team wants a measurable hardening change following this situation: A technician repositions monitor cables while taking photographs of a suspect workstation. What improvement best addresses the root weakness in a future incident?

  1. Create a corrected connection diagram showing original and altered states
  2. Use standard scene forms that require identifiers and attached-device fields
  3. Compare before-and-after photographs and record the exact cable changes
  4. Include connection mapping in the pre-handling photo checklist

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Detailed documentation retains physical network context; its effectiveness can be exercised against the warning conditions associated with whether original connections are known.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Separate depictions avoid presenting a reconstructed scene as untouched; the requirement concerns whether original connections are known, so case recovery is not future-risk control.

B:

Mandatory fields prevent common documentation omissions; it is meant to address how an exhibit is uniquely identified, not custody-procedure prevention for whether original connections are known.

C:

Even minor scene alterations can affect the interpretation of network connections; an investigation is not recurrence prevention in the decision about whether original connections are known.

Question 153

The case requires an immediate custody or preservation safeguard: A live Linux host is scheduled for shutdown, but investigators need its active connections and processes. How should the responder protect this scene or collection workflow now?

  1. Redirect acquisition to a verified external destination under the approved method
  2. Delay shutdown briefly under approved risk controls while collection completes
  3. Image persistent storage and document shutdown actions after volatile capture
  4. Maintain tested live-response toolkits and acquisition procedures
  5. Capture active socket, process and memory state using approved tools

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Authorized sequencing balances continued compromise risk against evidence loss; this preserves handling integrity for which artifacts will disappear on shutdown before detailed collection proceeds.

Incorrect Answers

A:

External storage reduces additional writes to the evidence disk; the relevant condition for that step is how the collection method can destroy artifacts, which is not shown for which artifacts will disappear on shutdown.

C:

Order-of-volatility handling retains both transient and durable artifacts; the goal is immediate evidence protection for which artifacts will disappear on shutdown. Corrective follow-through follows initial protection.

D:

Prepared collection reduces errors when time is constrained; prevention cannot replace immediate action in the decision about which artifacts will disappear on shutdown.

E:

Volatile information can expose current sessions and malware that disk imaging misses; the case needs immediate evidence protection addressing which artifacts will disappear on shutdown; investigation alone does not control current conditions.

Question 154

A control owner is preparing preventive actions after observing: A responder finds an encrypted laptop that is currently logged in and has a mounted decrypted volume. What tested hardening or process measure follows from the lessons learned?

  1. Include full-disk encryption state in first-response decision trees
  2. Standardize memory acquisition methods using external targets and integrity checks
  3. Acquire relevant plaintext data with authorized methods and verify copies
  4. Document mounted volumes and capture authorized memory and key context

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Responders can protect evidence before changing power state; it makes the lesson about which volatile access material could be lost part of normal operations.

Incorrect Answers

B:

Prepared destinations prevent avoidable evidence alteration; the relevant condition for that step is how the collection method can destroy artifacts, which is not shown for which volatile access material could be lost.

C:

Working access may enable defensible acquisition without bypass attempts; the requirement concerns which volatile access material could be lost, so case recovery is not future-risk control.

D:

Powered-off encryption may block later access to a currently unlocked device; the goal is custody-procedure prevention for which volatile access material could be lost. An investigation is not recurrence prevention.

Question 155

A long-term control assessment uses this recent event: A USB drive was acquired bit for bit, but the stored image cannot be matched to the source. Which change provides measurable prevention rather than an emergency workaround?

  1. Record acquisition-time hashes and periodic integrity checks
  2. Repeat acquisition or explain verification failure with full records
  3. Use forensic write protection and operator training for media acquisitions
  4. Calculate and compare cryptographic hashes for source and forensic image

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Routine verification exposes corruption and accidental replacement; this turns the weakness behind whether evidence integrity is demonstrable into a measurable prevention requirement.

Incorrect Answers

B:

A new verified copy may repair the gap if the source remains available; case recovery is not future-risk control in the decision about whether evidence integrity is demonstrable.

C:

Controlled tooling reduces accidental modifications; the other incident centers on whether the acquisition modified evidence, not this custody-procedure prevention question about whether evidence integrity is demonstrable.

D:

Matching digests support that the copied bytes are unchanged within hashing assumptions; when judging whether evidence integrity is demonstrable, an investigation is not recurrence prevention; this is instead scene or evidence validation.

Question 156

Before completing an evidence transfer, staff must resolve this issue: A volatile memory capture tool writes its output to the same nearly full disk being investigated. What must be verified before the evidence handling is complete?

  1. Image persistent storage and document shutdown actions after volatile capture
  2. Standardize memory acquisition methods using external targets and integrity checks
  3. Redirect acquisition to a verified external destination under the approved method
  4. Document tool footprint and verify captured memory integrity

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Collection side effects must be recorded even with careful tooling; this correction supports an authenticated evidence trail for how the collection method can destroy artifacts before handling is closed.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Order-of-volatility handling retains both transient and durable artifacts; the relevant condition for that step is which artifacts will disappear on shutdown, which is not shown for how the collection method can destroy artifacts.

B:

Prepared destinations prevent avoidable evidence alteration; the requirement concerns how the collection method can destroy artifacts, so future hardening is not current-state recovery.

C:

External storage reduces additional writes to the evidence disk; the goal is evidence-handling correction for how the collection method can destroy artifacts. Temporary protection does not complete correction.

Question 157

The custodian is restoring a defensible collection record following: A responder records witness recollections days later as though they were observations from the initial visit. What acquisition, packaging, preservation or custody repair is required?

  1. Annotate each account with source, time and confidence limitations
  2. Label the exhibit with location, collector and first observed condition
  3. Stop editing original notes and append dated clarifications instead
  4. Separate time-stamped first-hand notes from later interviews in the case record
  5. Acquire authorized volatile data before deciding on power removal
  6. Teach note-taking with immutable originals and dated addenda

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Clear provenance prevents a memory from being presented as direct observation; this correction supports an authenticated evidence trail for which statements are contemporaneous observations before handling is closed.

Incorrect Answers

B:

Context and provenance matter when interpreting later technical findings; the other incident centers on who accessed the original evidence, not this evidence-handling correction question about which statements are contemporaneous observations.

C:

Append-only correction protects the history of the investigation; when judging which statements are contemporaneous observations, temporary protection does not complete correction; this is instead immediate evidence protection.

D:

Evidence quality depends on preserving when and how each statement arose; for which statements are contemporaneous observations, verification is not the corrective step; evidence-handling correction remains necessary.

E:

A live machine may hold keys and process artifacts not present on disk; the other incident centers on the original observable state of a live scene, not this evidence-handling correction question about which statements are contemporaneous observations.

F:

Structured documentation reduces unintended reconstruction bias; the goal is evidence-handling correction for which statements are contemporaneous observations. Future hardening is not current-state recovery.

Question 158

An evidence-quality review identifies the need to correct this problem: A forensic examiner copies files using an ordinary desktop file manager and unintentionally changes metadata. What must be verified before the evidence handling is complete?

  1. Reacquire with a validated write blocker and record earlier alterations
  2. Reacquire with a validated device and document unreadable regions
  3. Use forensic write protection and operator training for media acquisitions
  4. Stop ad hoc browsing and isolate source media from write-capable workflows
  5. Compare source metadata and acquisition logs for unintended writes

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

A defensible process documents limitations rather than hiding them; this correction supports an authenticated evidence trail for whether the acquisition modified evidence before handling is closed.

Incorrect Answers

B:

Full logging distinguishes collection limitations from deliberate modification; it is meant to address whether the acquisition is complete, not evidence-handling correction for whether the acquisition modified evidence.

C:

Controlled tooling reduces accidental modifications; the goal is evidence-handling correction for whether the acquisition modified evidence. Future hardening is not current-state recovery.

D:

Read-only handling protects remaining evidence; temporary protection does not complete correction in the decision about whether the acquisition modified evidence.

E:

Ordinary file operations can change access timestamps and other properties; the case needs evidence-handling correction addressing whether the acquisition modified evidence; verification is not the corrective step.

Question 159

A responder must safeguard a scene or evidence workflow described as follows: A sealed server disk is handed to a courier without any recorded transfer signature. How should the responder protect this scene or collection workflow now?

  1. Hold shipment pending legal and evidence-custodian approval
  2. Secure the item and suspend further informal transfers
  3. Record a truthful corrective custody account without backdating signatures
  4. Require timestamped signatures at every change of possession
  5. Identify the last documented holder and reconcile courier tracking records

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Controlled custody limits new uncertainty; this preserves handling integrity for where chain of custody lost accountability before detailed collection proceeds.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Preservation is preferable to an unauthorized international transfer; that method could help with whether cross-border handling is authorized; the immediate evidence protection decision here involves where chain of custody lost accountability.

C:

Transparent reconstruction is essential to evidentiary credibility; the goal is immediate evidence protection for where chain of custody lost accountability. Corrective follow-through follows initial protection.

D:

Continuous records establish who controlled the evidence; prevention cannot replace immediate action in the decision about where chain of custody lost accountability.

E:

An undocumented handoff creates a custody gap that must be explained; the case needs immediate evidence protection addressing where chain of custody lost accountability; investigation alone does not control current conditions.

Question 160

Before detailed examination, an evidence-preservation decision concerns: Several responders entered a restricted office but nobody maintained an access log. What first-response measure minimizes evidence disturbance under the circumstances?

  1. Control the room perimeter and maintain a scene-entry log
  2. Assign a scene custodian and maintain entry/exit logs from first contact
  3. Document the original omission and every reconstruction assumption
  4. Interview participants and reconcile badge records with entry times
  5. Establish a controlled entry point and begin logging all further access

Explanation

Correct Answer

E:

Immediate perimeter discipline limits additional unexplained changes; this preserves handling integrity for whether the scene's integrity can be reconstructed before detailed collection proceeds.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Documented access helps distinguish responders from potential suspects; the activity targets which physical conditions must be documented; immediate evidence protection here concerns whether the scene's integrity can be reconstructed.

B:

Explicit responsibility supports reliable custody evidence; the case needs immediate evidence protection addressing whether the scene's integrity can be reconstructed; prevention cannot replace immediate action.

C:

Transparent gaps are preferable to invented certainty; when judging whether the scene's integrity can be reconstructed, corrective follow-through follows initial protection; this is instead evidence-handling correction.

D:

A reconstructed access list is weaker than contemporaneous logs but still informative; for whether the scene's integrity can be reconstructed, investigation alone does not control current conditions; immediate evidence protection remains necessary.

EC-Council Certified Incident Handler (212-89) Practice Tests