ECCouncil 212-89 (EC-Council Certified Incident Handler) Practice Test 61

Question 600

The first task is to corroborate an alert. The case notes state: A compromised identity establishes a reverse SSH tunnel from a database host to an external server. What should the investigator examine to distinguish a substantiated finding from an assumption?

  1. Terminate the tunnel and restrict unauthorized SSH egress from the host
  2. Manage SSH keys centrally and alert on unexpected remote port forwarding
  3. Correlate SSH process arguments with firewall flows and local listening ports
  4. Compare RDP logon events, source identifiers and reused account names
  5. Remove unauthorized keys and startup entries and rotate exposed credentials

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

A reverse tunnel can expose internal services through an outbound connection; it makes the determination of whether outbound encrypted traffic enables inbound control defensible and reviewable by the incident owner.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Blocking the control path limits remote database reachability; the requirement concerns whether outbound encrypted traffic enables inbound control, so immediate protection does not substantiate findings.

B:

Controls reduce covert tunneling through legitimate tools; the goal is evidence validation for whether outbound encrypted traffic enables inbound control. Prevention is not incident verification.

D:

Repeated privileged remote logons indicate likely credential-driven movement; the relevant condition for that step is whether local credential reuse enabled RDP spread, which is not shown for whether outbound encrypted traffic enables inbound control.

E:

Eradication closes both access and persistence mechanisms; when judging whether outbound encrypted traffic enables inbound control, recovery is not factual verification; this is instead trusted restoration.

Question 601

Post-containment analysis identified this issue for correction: A remote access system allows stale machine certificates after corporate laptops are retired. Which remediation is supported by the observed root-cause conditions?

  1. Remove unauthorized keys and startup entries and rotate exposed credentials
  2. Link device decommissioning with certificate revocation and VPN policy
  3. Revoke certificates tied to lost or retired devices and terminate active sessions
  4. Reissue trust only to inventoried compliant devices

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Recovery restores accountable device access; the change should be tested before unrestricted operations resume for the event involving whether certificate trust still authorizes retired devices.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Eradication closes both access and persistence mechanisms; the activity targets whether outbound encrypted traffic enables inbound control; trusted restoration here concerns whether certificate trust still authorizes retired devices.

B:

Lifecycle integration prevents orphaned trust; the requirement concerns whether certificate trust still authorizes retired devices, so future hardening is not current-state recovery.

C:

Identity revocation closes the device-authentication path; the goal is trusted restoration for whether certificate trust still authorizes retired devices. Temporary protection does not complete correction.

Question 602

An evidence-led review starts with the following report: Incident handlers lack an approved method to isolate network devices that manage safety-critical building controls. What investigation should establish the disputed activity and its timeline?

  1. Coordinate with facilities before applying a narrow containment ACL
  2. Document and rehearse isolation tiers for critical infrastructure networks
  3. Inspect network dependencies and documented safe-isolation procedures
  4. Map sensor placement against the observed inter-tier route

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Removing the wrong uplink could disrupt physical safety functions; the objective is to establish whether segmentation plans protect critical operational dependencies; the result can then guide the later protective decision.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Risk-aware enforcement protects essential operation while limiting attacker reach; when judging whether segmentation plans protect critical operational dependencies, immediate protection does not substantiate findings; this is instead initial containment or preservation.

B:

Preplanned boundaries reduce dangerous improvisation; for whether segmentation plans protect critical operational dependencies, prevention is not incident verification; evidence validation remains necessary.

D:

A blind spot can explain why lateral traffic is absent from telemetry; the relevant condition for that step is whether network monitoring sees suspected east-west movement, which is not shown for whether segmentation plans protect critical operational dependencies.

Question 603

Active first response is underway for the following condition: An attacker spoofs a victim address in UDP queries to exposed reflection services, causing amplified replies to the victim. The incident owner wants a corroborating check and a protective action before recovery begins. Which TWO choices fit these separate tasks? (Choose TWO.)

  1. Inspect reply traffic patterns, protocol types and reflection source distribution
  2. Restore routing and investigate exposed reflection services in the environment
  3. Filter reflected traffic upstream and coordinate with providers
  4. Validate legitimate traffic paths and withdraw emergency routing changes safely
  5. Confirm normal handshakes and clean policy state after mitigation
  6. Harden UDP services against reflection and use source-address anti-spoofing

Explanation

Correct Answers

A:

Many replies from unrelated servers toward one victim suggest reflection abuse; within the combined response for whether amplification rather than direct requests caused the flood, this supplies evidence validation: this evidence is scoped to whether amplification rather than direct requests caused the flood, not a generic system-health reading.

C:

Network-scale mitigation is required when amplifiers are distributed; within the combined response for whether amplification rather than direct requests caused the flood, this supplies initial containment or preservation: it restricts the path implicated in whether amplification rather than direct requests caused the flood; later eradication and restoration remain separate decisions.

Incorrect Answers

B:

Reducing local amplifiers helps prevent participation in future attacks; corrective follow-through follows initial protection in the decision about whether amplification rather than direct requests caused the flood.

D:

Post-attack checks should confirm service and route stability; the activity targets where traffic must be filtered to restore availability; initial containment or preservation here concerns whether amplification rather than direct requests caused the flood.

E:

Recovery needs service-health validation, not just lower packet counts; the relevant condition for that step is whether state exhaustion is driving the outage, which is not shown for whether amplification rather than direct requests caused the flood.

F:

Ingress and egress validation reduce spoofed-packet abuse; the requirement concerns whether amplification rather than direct requests caused the flood, so prevention cannot replace immediate action.

Question 604

A technical closure review begins after this incident: DNS monitoring reports many TXT lookups containing unusually long random strings from a single host. After the immediate situation is stabilized, what addresses the enabling failure?

  1. Find the initiating process and remove the tunnel mechanism and persistence
  2. Alert on abnormal DNS volume, entropy and uncommon query patterns
  3. Correlate requests and application errors to determine real impact
  4. Inspect query lengths, label entropy, resolver logs and initiating process
  5. Limit the suspect host's DNS egress to approved resolvers and isolate as needed

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Blocking one domain does not fix a compromised host; the affected workflow should not be considered trusted until the issue of whether DNS tunneling may carry encoded data is resolved.

Incorrect Answers

B:

Behavioral controls identify tunneling variants; the case needs trusted restoration addressing whether DNS tunneling may carry encoded data; future hardening is not current-state recovery.

C:

A detection signature should be tied to backend behavior; that method could help with whether the alert was based on decrypted application content; the trusted restoration decision here involves whether DNS tunneling may carry encoded data.

D:

Encoded payloads often manifest as repetitive atypical labels and record usage; for whether DNS tunneling may carry encoded data, verification is not the corrective step; trusted restoration remains necessary.

E:

Routing control interrupts covert outbound channels; the requirement concerns whether DNS tunneling may carry encoded data, so temporary protection does not complete correction.

Question 605

Before making any disruptive change, an investigator is handed these observations: A user operates an unapproved remote desktop relay over HTTPS, bypassing the organization's remote access gateway. Which source best supports the incident finding before responders modify the environment?

  1. Inspect process, destination and TLS session telemetry against allowed VPN inventory
  2. Inspect proxy destinations, executable signatures and active remote sessions
  3. Revoke the relay's access and restrict unauthorized remote-control clients
  4. Use application-aware proxy policies and allowlisted remote support tools
  5. Remove rogue client persistence and review accessed resources and credentials

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Ordinary TLS does not imply the session followed approved remote management controls; the review should retain source and timing information relevant to whether tunneled remote administration violates access policy.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Encrypted traffic may hide unauthorized routing without proving the underlying payload; it is meant to address whether unsanctioned tunneling bypasses inspection, not evidence validation for whether tunneled remote administration violates access policy.

C:

Containment restores the sanctioned management boundary; for whether tunneled remote administration violates access policy, immediate protection does not substantiate findings; evidence validation remains necessary.

D:

Approved remote paths provide audit and access controls; the requirement concerns whether tunneled remote administration violates access policy, so prevention is not incident verification.

E:

Cleanup must account for what remote operators may have done; the goal is evidence validation for whether tunneled remote administration violates access policy. Recovery is not factual verification.

Question 606

Before granting routine access again, the team reviews this case: Wireless monitoring detects repeated deauthentication frames that disconnect staff devices from legitimate access points. What must the response owner validate as part of safe recovery?

  1. Validate AP firmware, client behavior and stable reconnection after mitigation
  2. Use protected management frames where supported and monitor rogue radio activity
  3. Locate the interference source and follow authorized radio incident procedures
  4. Restore approved VLAN configuration and investigate connections made through the AP

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Recovery must show normal wireless service; the recovery decision is tied to whether management-frame abuse is causing client disruption, not merely to reduced alert volume.

Incorrect Answers

B:

PMF reduces spoofed management-frame effects; for whether management-frame abuse is causing client disruption, future hardening is not current-state recovery; trusted restoration remains necessary.

C:

Physical investigation and client protection are safer than unauthorized jamming; the requirement concerns whether management-frame abuse is causing client disruption, so temporary protection does not complete correction.

D:

Recovery includes the exposure window, not just unplugging equipment; it is meant to address whether a rogue AP bridges a protected wired segment, not trusted restoration for whether management-frame abuse is causing client disruption.

Question 607

Forensic review begins with this reported event: Employees report a wireless network with the company name but a different certificate prompt near reception. Which evidence-based task answers the primary uncertainty?

  1. Compare BSSID, hardware inventory and measured signal location
  2. Enforce validated enterprise WLAN certificates and managed network profiles
  3. Warn users and coordinate wireless containment under authorized procedures
  4. Compare BSSID, radio location, authentication certificate and approved AP inventory

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

A familiar SSID can be broadcast by a rogue access point; for this investigation, the relevant uncertainty is whether an evil twin access point is impersonating the SSID, so independent confirmation matters.

Incorrect Answers

A:

SSID names are not proof of asset ownership; the relevant condition for that step is whether the radio is authorized infrastructure, which is not shown for whether an evil twin access point is impersonating the SSID.

B:

Client authentication helps prevent evil-twin connections; the requirement concerns whether an evil twin access point is impersonating the SSID, so prevention is not incident verification.

C:

Avoid indiscriminate jamming while protecting clients from the fake network; the goal is evidence validation for whether an evil twin access point is impersonating the SSID. Immediate protection does not substantiate findings.

Question 608

The first task is to corroborate an alert. The case notes state: A warehouse barcode scanner connects to an open guest SSID rather than its protected operational WLAN. What should the investigator examine to distinguish a substantiated finding from an assumption?

  1. Deploy locked-down device WLAN profiles and certificate-based authentication
  2. Review access point authentication events and key distribution history
  3. Disable the unsafe network profile and isolate exposed scanner sessions
  4. Review scanner WLAN profile, association records and transmitted application protocol

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

An open wireless association changes confidentiality and access assumptions; it makes the determination of whether client misassociation caused insecure traffic defensible and reviewable by the incident owner.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Managed association policies prevent accidental insecure roaming; the requirement concerns whether client misassociation caused insecure traffic, so prevention is not incident verification.

B:

A shared passphrase does not distinguish authorized users individually; the other incident centers on whether PSK exposure allows unauthorized association, not this evidence validation question about whether client misassociation caused insecure traffic.

C:

Configuration containment stops continued transmission over the wrong path; immediate protection does not substantiate findings in the decision about whether client misassociation caused insecure traffic.

Question 609

To distinguish suspicion from confirmed impact, the SOC examines this case: A host sends large outbound bursts to a new autonomous system after midnight, but normal backup jobs also run then. Which review would give the incident owner the strongest case-specific evidence?

  1. Correlate process identity, destination ownership and backup schedule with network flow
  2. Inspect query lengths, label entropy, resolver logs and initiating process
  3. Temporarily restrict the unapproved destination after validating business ownership
  4. Baseline approved destinations and alert on unexplained bulk transfers
  5. Investigate transferred data and remediate the access route if unauthorized

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Volume and timing alone cannot distinguish backup from theft; the review should retain source and timing information relevant to whether unusual egress is approved backup or exfiltration.

Incorrect Answers

B:

Encoded payloads often manifest as repetitive atypical labels and record usage; the other incident centers on whether DNS tunneling may carry encoded data, not this evidence validation question about whether unusual egress is approved backup or exfiltration.

C:

Selective containment avoids terminating legitimate protected backup traffic; the goal is evidence validation for whether unusual egress is approved backup or exfiltration. Immediate protection does not substantiate findings.

D:

Context-aware egress detection reduces false alarms; prevention is not incident verification in the decision about whether unusual egress is approved backup or exfiltration.

E:

Scope assessment is necessary even after the flow stops; the case needs evidence validation addressing whether unusual egress is approved backup or exfiltration; recovery is not factual verification.

Question 610

Cleanup is not considered complete. The case record describes: Firewall logs show SYN packets to hundreds of ports on one server, but no completed application sessions. What remaining assessment or remediation is justified after the immediate response?

  1. Rate-limit or block the scanner while watching for subsequent successful access
  2. Alert on reconnaissance followed by successful authentication or exploit evidence
  3. Review service exposure and document the scan disposition and observed impact
  4. Document unsuccessful attempt status and verify server patch posture

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

A controlled assessment distinguishes prevented probes from penetration; this post-containment check determines the remaining scope relevant to whether the traffic represents probing rather than established access before the case is closed.

Incorrect Answers

A:

A targeted block reduces exposure without asserting a breach; the requirement concerns whether the traffic represents probing rather than established access, so temporary protection does not complete correction.

B:

Multi-stage detection prioritizes consequential activity; the goal is post-containment assessment for whether the traffic represents probing rather than established access. Future hardening is not current-state recovery.

D:

Closure should address exposure even without confirmed compromise; it is meant to address whether exploit attempts reached a vulnerable host, not post-containment assessment for whether the traffic represents probing rather than established access.

EC-Council Certified Incident Handler (212-89) Practice Tests