ECCouncil 312-49v11 (Computer Hacking Forensic Investigator) Practice Test 23

Question 220

A database array combines striped performance with mirrored member pairs. Which level is appropriate?

  1. Fragment-aware carving
  2. RAID 10 mirrors and stripes
  3. NAS file access
  4. RAID 0 striping

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

RAID 10 stripes across mirrors, offering performance and redundancy with failure tolerance dependent on which disks fail. It is not equivalent to a parity-only array.

Incorrect Answers

A:

In an inquiry concerning recovering files scattered among separated block runs, fragment-aware carving attempts to reassemble discontinuous file pieces using format structure and heuristics; the scope does not extend to striping across mirrored disk sets. It is harder and less certain than recovering contiguous content; that issue cannot settle striping across mirrored disk sets.

C:

For the separate question of file-based storage shared across a network, network-attached storage provides file-level access over protocols such as SMB or NFS; the requested assessment of striping across mirrored disk sets remains open. A share-level copy may not expose underlying disk allocation or controller metadata; there is no direct finding about striping across mirrored disk sets.

D:

The objective here is striping across mirrored disk sets; RAID 0 stripes blocks across members without redundancy; the option would instead inform nonredundant block striping across drives. Forensic reconstruction requires the correct disk order and stripe parameters; it is not direct evidence of striping across mirrored disk sets.

Question 221

An investigative workstation reaches a shared evidence folder through SMB and sees files rather than block devices. Which architecture is this?

  1. Unallocated-space scanning
  2. Signature-based carving
  3. RAID 6 dual parity
  4. NAS file access
  5. RAID 1 mirroring

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Network-attached storage provides file-level access over protocols such as SMB or NFS. A share-level copy may not expose underlying disk allocation or controller metadata.

Incorrect Answers

A:

The stem asks about file-based storage shared across a network; unallocated space contains clusters or blocks not presently assigned to live files, possibly including deleted remnants; the described operation is used for data outside currently allocated file extents. Its contents can be overwritten at any time and may not have reliable ownership metadata; a determination about file-based storage shared across a network requires other support.

B:

Instead of a method addressing file-based storage shared across a network, file carving searches data content for structural signatures and boundaries, potentially rebuilding files without directory metadata; this one concerns recovering deleted content without surviving filenames. Fragmentation can defeat simple header-footer carving; it cannot independently determine file-based storage shared across a network.

C:

In work concerning double-parity fault tolerance, RAID 6 uses dual distributed parity and can typically tolerate two disk failures; the operation would not resolve file-based storage shared across a network. It needs enough members and correct array metadata for reconstruction; the distinction leaves file-based storage shared across a network unsettled.

E:

The required finding is about file-based storage shared across a network; RAID 1 maintains mirrored copies, subject to controller behavior and replication timing; this addresses the separate concern of duplicate block copies across array members. Individual member acquisition may still require attention to consistency; it does not by itself answer file-based storage shared across a network.

Question 222

A server sees a remote LUN as a block device over Fibre Channel or iSCSI. Which architecture is involved?

  1. RAID 5 parity
  2. RAID 10 mirrors and stripes
  3. SAN block access
  4. NAS file access

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

A storage area network exposes block-level volumes to hosts. Investigators still need storage-fabric and snapshot context to map a LUN to backend disks.

Incorrect Answers

A:

When the investigative task is single-disk fault tolerance using distributed parity, RAID 5 stripes data with rotating parity across members; that differs from the question about remote block devices presented to a host. Reconstruction depends on disk order, stripe size and parity layout; that leaves remote block devices presented to a host unresolved.

B:

The current inquiry asks about remote block devices presented to a host; RAID 10 stripes across mirrors, offering performance and redundancy with failure tolerance dependent on which disks fail; this mechanism chiefly addresses striping across mirrored disk sets. It is not equivalent to a parity-only array; it cannot prove remote block devices presented to a host on its own.

D:

Even though the scenario needs remote block devices presented to a host, network-attached storage provides file-level access over protocols such as SMB or NFS; the action relates to file-based storage shared across a network. A share-level copy may not expose underlying disk allocation or controller metadata; this remains insufficient for remote block devices presented to a host.

Question 223

A deleted JPEG has lost its directory entry but recognizable start/end patterns remain in unallocated sectors. Which recovery technique may work?

  1. Unallocated-space scanning
  2. Signature-based carving
  3. RAID 1 mirroring
  4. RAID 5 parity

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

File carving searches data content for structural signatures and boundaries, potentially rebuilding files without directory metadata. Fragmentation can defeat simple header-footer carving.

Incorrect Answers

A:

With recovering deleted content without surviving filenames as the investigative issue, unallocated space contains clusters or blocks not presently assigned to live files, possibly including deleted remnants; the result would concern data outside currently allocated file extents. Its contents can be overwritten at any time and may not have reliable ownership metadata; this would not resolve recovering deleted content without surviving filenames.

C:

The stem asks about recovering deleted content without surviving filenames; RAID 1 maintains mirrored copies, subject to controller behavior and replication timing; the described operation is used for duplicate block copies across array members. Individual member acquisition may still require attention to consistency; a determination about recovering deleted content without surviving filenames requires other support.

D:

Instead of a method addressing recovering deleted content without surviving filenames, RAID 5 stripes data with rotating parity across members; this one concerns single-disk fault tolerance using distributed parity. Reconstruction depends on disk order, stripe size and parity layout; it cannot independently determine recovering deleted content without surviving filenames.

Question 224

A large deleted multimedia file was fragmented, and naïve contiguous carving yields corruption. Which method is more appropriate?

  1. RAID 5 parity
  2. Unallocated-space scanning
  3. Fragment-aware carving
  4. SAN block access

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Fragment-aware carving attempts to reassemble discontinuous file pieces using format structure and heuristics. It is harder and less certain than recovering contiguous content.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Although the case asks about recovering files scattered among separated block runs, RAID 5 stripes data with rotating parity across members; the action instead concerns single-disk fault tolerance using distributed parity. Reconstruction depends on disk order, stripe size and parity layout; it does not establish recovering files scattered among separated block runs.

B:

For an analysis centered on data outside currently allocated file extents, unallocated space contains clusters or blocks not presently assigned to live files, possibly including deleted remnants; the present need is recovering files scattered among separated block runs. Its contents can be overwritten at any time and may not have reliable ownership metadata; a different finding about recovering files scattered among separated block runs is still needed.

D:

The current inquiry asks about recovering files scattered among separated block runs; a storage area network exposes block-level volumes to hosts; this mechanism chiefly addresses remote block devices presented to a host. Investigators still need storage-fabric and snapshot context to map a LUN to backend disks; it cannot prove recovering files scattered among separated block runs on its own.

Question 225

Analysts need remnants not referenced by any current filesystem allocation. Which region should they examine?

  1. NAS file access
  2. RAID 0 striping
  3. RAID 10 mirrors and stripes
  4. Unallocated-space scanning
  5. Fragment-aware carving

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Unallocated space contains clusters or blocks not presently assigned to live files, possibly including deleted remnants. Its contents can be overwritten at any time and may not have reliable ownership metadata.

Incorrect Answers

A:

The objective here is data outside currently allocated file extents; network-attached storage provides file-level access over protocols such as SMB or NFS; the option would instead inform file-based storage shared across a network. A share-level copy may not expose underlying disk allocation or controller metadata; it is not direct evidence of data outside currently allocated file extents.

B:

For a separate investigation of nonredundant block striping across drives, RAID 0 stripes blocks across members without redundancy; that is not the determination of data outside currently allocated file extents in the stem. Forensic reconstruction requires the correct disk order and stripe parameters; the evidence still must speak to data outside currently allocated file extents.

C:

With data outside currently allocated file extents as the investigative issue, RAID 10 stripes across mirrors, offering performance and redundancy with failure tolerance dependent on which disks fail; the result would concern striping across mirrored disk sets. It is not equivalent to a parity-only array; this would not resolve data outside currently allocated file extents.

E:

The stem asks about data outside currently allocated file extents; fragment-aware carving attempts to reassemble discontinuous file pieces using format structure and heuristics; the described operation is used for recovering files scattered among separated block runs. It is harder and less certain than recovering contiguous content; a determination about data outside currently allocated file extents requires other support.

Question 226

An alert indicates possible domain-controller compromise while several low-impact suspicious emails also await review. Which step allocates investigation effort by risk?

  1. Investigation question list
  2. Stakeholder coordination
  3. Contingency planning
  4. Incident triage

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Triage compares severity, confidence, operational impact and urgency to prioritize response. It should be reassessed as new evidence changes the likely scope.

Incorrect Answers

A:

A case involving evidence collection linked to defined questions might use this approach: explicit investigative questions connect collection to hypotheses and expected evidence; the required result here is prioritizing incidents according to urgency and impact. This supports relevance review and makes later conclusions traceable; it cannot replace proof about prioritizing incidents according to urgency and impact.

B:

The required finding is about prioritizing incidents according to urgency and impact; stakeholder coordination involves operations, legal, security and business owners in approving collection windows and compensating controls; this addresses the separate concern of balancing evidence collection with service continuity. Evidence goals must be aligned with safety and continuity requirements; it does not by itself answer prioritizing incidents according to urgency and impact.

C:

Although the case asks about prioritizing incidents according to urgency and impact, contingency planning specifies capacity checks, resumable workflows where supported, verification and fallback acquisition routes; the action instead concerns recovery options for an interrupted acquisition. Failure handling should be documented before intervention; it does not establish prioritizing incidents according to urgency and impact.

Question 227

Before issuing live collection commands, a team needs documented authority and an assessment of how the commands might alter the host. Which TWO planning controls explicitly address these requirements? Choose TWO.

  1. Incident triage
  2. Stakeholder coordination
  3. Investigative mandate
  4. Acquisition prioritization
  5. Risk-of-change assessment

Explanation

Correct Answers

C:

In this combined inquiry, an investigative mandate or signed authorization defines objective, scope, responsible authority and constraints; without it, technically available data may exceed the permitted inquiry. This addresses written authority and boundaries for the examination.

E:

In this combined inquiry, risk-of-change assessment weighs evidentiary benefit against alterations to runtime, disk, availability and logs; safer commands or an offline copy may be preferable. This addresses whether collection actions will disturb evidence.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Even though the scenario needs both written authority and boundaries for the examination and whether collection actions will disturb evidence, triage compares severity, confidence, operational impact and urgency to prioritize response; the action relates to prioritizing incidents according to urgency and impact. It should be reassessed as new evidence changes the likely scope; this remains insufficient for both written authority and boundaries for the examination and whether collection actions will disturb evidence.

B:

For the separate question of balancing evidence collection with service continuity, stakeholder coordination involves operations, legal, security and business owners in approving collection windows and compensating controls; the requested assessment of both written authority and boundaries for the examination and whether collection actions will disturb evidence remains open. Evidence goals must be aligned with safety and continuity requirements; there is no direct finding about both written authority and boundaries for the examination and whether collection actions will disturb evidence.

D:

For a separate investigation of sequencing collection by risk of evidence loss, prioritize information at greatest risk of loss while considering impact and authority; volatile state often merits early capture; that is not the determination of both written authority and boundaries for the examination and whether collection actions will disturb evidence in the stem. The offline server's persistent data is generally less time-sensitive; the evidence still must speak to both written authority and boundaries for the examination and whether collection actions will disturb evidence.

Question 228

Relevant employee logs are due for automated deletion tomorrow while case scoping is still underway. What immediate coordination action helps avoid their loss?

  1. Risk-of-change assessment
  2. Evidence preservation notice
  3. Acquisition prioritization
  4. Exit criteria

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

An appropriately authorized preservation notice instructs custodians and system owners to retain identified records pending collection. It does not authorize every conceivable downstream use.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Instead of a method addressing halting imminent deletion of relevant records, risk-of-change assessment weighs evidentiary benefit against alterations to runtime, disk, availability and logs; this one concerns whether collection actions will disturb evidence. Safer commands or an offline copy may be preferable; it cannot independently determine halting imminent deletion of relevant records.

C:

A case involving sequencing collection by risk of evidence loss might use this approach: prioritize information at greatest risk of loss while considering impact and authority; volatile state often merits early capture; the required result here is halting imminent deletion of relevant records. The offline server's persistent data is generally less time-sensitive; it cannot replace proof about halting imminent deletion of relevant records.

D:

The required finding is about halting imminent deletion of relevant records; exit criteria identify required findings, evidentiary thresholds and unresolved limits for concluding collection; this addresses the separate concern of conditions for ending the investigative activity. They help prevent uncontrolled scope expansion and waste; it does not by itself answer halting imminent deletion of relevant records.

Question 229

The response team knows a public service is affected but lacks the underlying hostnames and storage map. Which planning activity locates acquisition targets?

  1. Contingency planning
  2. Asset identification
  3. Stakeholder coordination
  4. Exit criteria

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Asset identification maps systems, accounts, dependencies and data locations from inventories and operators. It prevents overlooking hosts that support the compromised service.

Incorrect Answers

A:

The current inquiry asks about mapping the systems holding potential evidence; contingency planning specifies capacity checks, resumable workflows where supported, verification and fallback acquisition routes; this mechanism chiefly addresses recovery options for an interrupted acquisition. Failure handling should be documented before intervention; it cannot prove mapping the systems holding potential evidence on its own.

C:

Even though the scenario needs mapping the systems holding potential evidence, stakeholder coordination involves operations, legal, security and business owners in approving collection windows and compensating controls; the action relates to balancing evidence collection with service continuity. Evidence goals must be aligned with safety and continuity requirements; this remains insufficient for mapping the systems holding potential evidence.

D:

For the separate question of conditions for ending the investigative activity, exit criteria identify required findings, evidentiary thresholds and unresolved limits for concluding collection; the requested assessment of mapping the systems holding potential evidence remains open. They help prevent uncontrolled scope expansion and waste; there is no direct finding about mapping the systems holding potential evidence.

Question 230

A planned imaging operation may take a critical billing server offline and could breach service obligations. Which planning step addresses that tension?

  1. Risk-of-change assessment
  2. Stakeholder coordination
  3. Exit criteria
  4. Acquisition prioritization
  5. Incident triage
  6. Asset identification

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Stakeholder coordination involves operations, legal, security and business owners in approving collection windows and compensating controls. Evidence goals must be aligned with safety and continuity requirements.

Incorrect Answers

A:

For questions about whether collection actions will disturb evidence, risk-of-change assessment weighs evidentiary benefit against alterations to runtime, disk, availability and logs; that differs from balancing evidence collection with service continuity. Safer commands or an offline copy may be preferable; it provides no direct answer to balancing evidence collection with service continuity.

C:

Instead of a method addressing balancing evidence collection with service continuity, exit criteria identify required findings, evidentiary thresholds and unresolved limits for concluding collection; this one concerns conditions for ending the investigative activity. They help prevent uncontrolled scope expansion and waste; it cannot independently determine balancing evidence collection with service continuity.

D:

In work concerning sequencing collection by risk of evidence loss, prioritize information at greatest risk of loss while considering impact and authority; volatile state often merits early capture; the operation would not resolve balancing evidence collection with service continuity. The offline server's persistent data is generally less time-sensitive; the distinction leaves balancing evidence collection with service continuity unsettled.

E:

A case involving prioritizing incidents according to urgency and impact might use this approach: triage compares severity, confidence, operational impact and urgency to prioritize response; the required result here is balancing evidence collection with service continuity. It should be reassessed as new evidence changes the likely scope; it cannot replace proof about balancing evidence collection with service continuity.

F:

The required finding is about balancing evidence collection with service continuity; asset identification maps systems, accounts, dependencies and data locations from inventories and operators; this addresses the separate concern of mapping the systems holding potential evidence. It prevents overlooking hosts that support the compromised service; it does not by itself answer balancing evidence collection with service continuity.

Computer Hacking Forensic Investigator (312-49v11) Practice Tests