ECCouncil 712-50 (EC-Council Certified CISO) Practice Test 26

Question 250

Security needs timely notice when an unauthorized change occurs despite access safeguards. What should the decision-maker choose?

  1. Corrective control
  2. Directive control
  3. Detective control
  4. Preventive control

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Detective controls generate evidence or alerts of events that have occurred or are occurring. By contrast, Corrective control is relevant when a compromise has occurred and the priority is to restore trusted configurations, not as a substitute for Detective control in this case.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Corrective controls repair adverse effects and return systems toward an authorized state; deploying it would matter if a compromise has occurred and the priority is to restore trusted configurations, but the deciding issue here is that security needs timely notice when an unauthorized change occurs despite access safeguards.

B:

Directive controls establish expected behavior through authoritative instructions and policy; the alternative concern is that employees must be told what secure handling practices they are required to follow, but the tested need stems from the fact that security needs timely notice when an unauthorized change occurs despite access safeguards.

D:

Preventive controls block or constrain an unwanted event before its harmful effect occurs; this provides its benefit when the business wants to stop unauthorized changes before they reach production; the matter at hand is instead that security needs timely notice when an unauthorized change occurs despite access safeguards.

Question 251

A compromise has occurred and the priority is to restore trusted configurations. What action would satisfy this constraint most directly?

  1. Directive control
  2. Compensating control
  3. Physical control
  4. Corrective control

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Corrective controls repair adverse effects and return systems toward an authorized state. By contrast, Physical control is relevant when an attacker could enter a server room despite strong logical access rules, not as a substitute for Corrective control in this case.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Directive controls establish expected behavior through authoritative instructions and policy; it helps when employees must be told what secure handling practices they are required to follow, whereas the present requirement arises because a compromise has occurred and the priority is to restore trusted configurations.

B:

A compensating control supplies an alternative protection for the same risk, subject to evidence of effectiveness; its proper use case is one in which legacy equipment cannot support a required safeguard until replacement, not one in which a compromise has occurred and the priority is to restore trusted configurations.

C:

Physical controls constrain entry and environmental exposure to facilities and equipment; the condition under which it applies is that an attacker could enter a server room despite strong logical access rules, unlike the condition in the question, where a compromise has occurred and the priority is to restore trusted configurations.

Question 252

A review identifies these two distinct gaps: (1) a facility wants to discourage intentional violations by increasing perceived detection risk; (2) the business wants to stop unauthorized changes before they reach production. Which TWO options directly satisfy these requirements? Choose TWO.

  1. Detective control
  2. Deterrent control
  3. Compensating control
  4. Recovery control
  5. Preventive control
  6. Corrective control

Explanation

Correct Answers

B:

For the requirement that a facility wants to discourage intentional violations by increasing perceived detection risk, deterrent controls influence behavior through visible warnings and credible consequences; Preventive control separately addresses the need that the business wants to stop unauthorized changes before they reach production.

E:

For the requirement that the business wants to stop unauthorized changes before they reach production, preventive controls block or constrain an unwanted event before its harmful effect occurs; Deterrent control separately addresses the need that a facility wants to discourage intentional violations by increasing perceived detection risk.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Detective controls generate evidence or alerts of events that have occurred or are occurring; that is relevant if security needs timely notice when an unauthorized change occurs despite access safeguards, but it does not directly resolve the need arising when the business wants to stop unauthorized changes before they reach production; the other need in this item is that a facility wants to discourage intentional violations by increasing perceived detection risk.

C:

A compensating control supplies an alternative protection for the same risk, subject to evidence of effectiveness; the alternative concern is that legacy equipment cannot support a required safeguard until replacement, but the tested need stems from the fact that a facility wants to discourage intentional violations by increasing perceived detection risk.

D:

Recovery controls rebuild or restore capability after disruption rather than merely identifying the event; such an effect addresses a situation where operations need to resume an essential service after a destructive event rather than the situation where a facility wants to discourage intentional violations by increasing perceived detection risk.

F:

Corrective controls repair adverse effects and return systems toward an authorized state; the condition for this measure is that a compromise has occurred and the priority is to restore trusted configurations, whereas the current question concerns a case where a facility wants to discourage intentional violations by increasing perceived detection risk.

Question 253

Legacy equipment cannot support a required safeguard until replacement. What is the best-targeted intervention?

  1. Corrective control
  2. Detective control
  3. Physical control
  4. Compensating control

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

A compensating control supplies an alternative protection for the same risk, subject to evidence of effectiveness. By contrast, Detective control is relevant when security needs timely notice when an unauthorized change occurs despite access safeguards, not as a substitute for Compensating control in this case.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Corrective controls repair adverse effects and return systems toward an authorized state; this is pertinent when a compromise has occurred and the priority is to restore trusted configurations, in contrast with the actual gap where legacy equipment cannot support a required safeguard until replacement.

B:

Detective controls generate evidence or alerts of events that have occurred or are occurring; it would be a fit if security needs timely notice when an unauthorized change occurs despite access safeguards, whereas the required response must deal with the fact that legacy equipment cannot support a required safeguard until replacement.

C:

Physical controls constrain entry and environmental exposure to facilities and equipment; that helps with the separate case where an attacker could enter a server room despite strong logical access rules, not with the issue that legacy equipment cannot support a required safeguard until replacement.

Question 254

Employees must be told what secure handling practices they are required to follow. What should the decision-maker choose?

  1. Corrective control
  2. Directive control
  3. Recovery control
  4. Preventive control

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Directive controls establish expected behavior through authoritative instructions and policy. By contrast, Corrective control is relevant when a compromise has occurred and the priority is to restore trusted configurations, not as a substitute for Directive control in this case.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Corrective controls repair adverse effects and return systems toward an authorized state; it helps when a compromise has occurred and the priority is to restore trusted configurations, whereas the present requirement arises because employees must be told what secure handling practices they are required to follow.

C:

Recovery controls rebuild or restore capability after disruption rather than merely identifying the event; the alternative concern is that operations need to resume an essential service after a destructive event, but the tested need stems from the fact that employees must be told what secure handling practices they are required to follow.

D:

Preventive controls block or constrain an unwanted event before its harmful effect occurs; this is pertinent when the business wants to stop unauthorized changes before they reach production, in contrast with the actual gap where employees must be told what secure handling practices they are required to follow.

Question 255

Operations need to resume an essential service after a destructive event. What action would satisfy this constraint most directly?

  1. Recovery control
  2. Directive control
  3. Compensating control
  4. Detective control

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Recovery controls rebuild or restore capability after disruption rather than merely identifying the event. By contrast, Directive control is relevant when employees must be told what secure handling practices they are required to follow, not as a substitute for Recovery control in this case.

Incorrect Answers

B:

Directive controls establish expected behavior through authoritative instructions and policy; this provides its benefit when employees must be told what secure handling practices they are required to follow; the matter at hand is instead that operations need to resume an essential service after a destructive event.

C:

A compensating control supplies an alternative protection for the same risk, subject to evidence of effectiveness; that is relevant if legacy equipment cannot support a required safeguard until replacement, but it does not directly resolve the need arising when operations need to resume an essential service after a destructive event.

D:

Detective controls generate evidence or alerts of events that have occurred or are occurring; that is relevant if security needs timely notice when an unauthorized change occurs despite access safeguards, but it does not directly resolve the need arising when operations need to resume an essential service after a destructive event.

Question 256

An attacker could enter a server room despite strong logical access rules. What approach should the accountable team prioritize?

  1. Preventive control
  2. Recovery control
  3. Physical control
  4. Compensating control

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Physical controls constrain entry and environmental exposure to facilities and equipment. By contrast, Preventive control is relevant when the business wants to stop unauthorized changes before they reach production, not as a substitute for Physical control in this case.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Preventive controls block or constrain an unwanted event before its harmful effect occurs; the condition under which it applies is that the business wants to stop unauthorized changes before they reach production, unlike the condition in the question, where an attacker could enter a server room despite strong logical access rules.

B:

Recovery controls rebuild or restore capability after disruption rather than merely identifying the event; the condition for this measure is that operations need to resume an essential service after a destructive event, whereas the current question concerns a case where an attacker could enter a server room despite strong logical access rules.

D:

A compensating control supplies an alternative protection for the same risk, subject to evidence of effectiveness; it would be a fit if legacy equipment cannot support a required safeguard until replacement, whereas the required response must deal with the fact that an attacker could enter a server room despite strong logical access rules.

Question 257

An international manufacturer is deciding how to select safeguards efficiently. The team proposes buying controls without identifying the business scenarios they should address. What action would satisfy this constraint most directly?

  1. Usability assessment
  2. Risk-based control selection
  3. Cost-benefit analysis
  4. Control interoperability test

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Risk-based selection connects safeguards to assessed threat paths and acceptable residual exposure. By contrast, Usability assessment is relevant when employees bypass a formally strong security procedure because it obstructs time-critical work, not as a substitute for Risk-based control selection in this case.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Usability review reveals workarounds and helps design controls that operate reliably in practice; the condition for this measure is that employees bypass a formally strong security procedure because it obstructs time-critical work, whereas the current question concerns a case where the team proposes buying controls without identifying the business scenarios they should address.

C:

Cost-benefit assessment compares expected risk reduction and total cost before choosing investment; the alternative concern is that two options reduce similar exposure but have significantly different lifecycle costs, but the tested need stems from the fact that the team proposes buying controls without identifying the business scenarios they should address.

D:

Interoperability tests validate integration dependencies before enterprise deployment; such an effect addresses a situation where a proposed authentication service may fail with a legacy identity platform rather than the situation where the team proposes buying controls without identifying the business scenarios they should address.

Question 258

Failure of one security layer could otherwise expose the entire production environment. What approach should the accountable team prioritize?

  1. Risk-based control selection
  2. Usability assessment
  3. Control exception analysis
  4. Least privilege
  5. Defense in depth

Explanation

Correct Answer

E:

Layered safeguards combine independent barriers so no single failure creates unrestricted access. By contrast, Control exception analysis is relevant when a critical process cannot meet the baseline and the design team wants to ignore the deviation, not as a substitute for Defense in depth in this case.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Risk-based selection connects safeguards to assessed threat paths and acceptable residual exposure; that helps with the separate case where the team proposes buying controls without identifying the business scenarios they should address, not with the issue that failure of one security layer could otherwise expose the entire production environment.

B:

Usability review reveals workarounds and helps design controls that operate reliably in practice; that is relevant if employees bypass a formally strong security procedure because it obstructs time-critical work, but it does not directly resolve the need arising when failure of one security layer could otherwise expose the entire production environment.

C:

Exception analysis documents the gap, compensating measures, accountable approval, and expiry; this is pertinent when a critical process cannot meet the baseline and the design team wants to ignore the deviation, in contrast with the actual gap where failure of one security layer could otherwise expose the entire production environment.

D:

Least privilege limits rights to the functions actually needed, reducing impact of misuse; the condition for this measure is that service accounts hold broad rights even though their duties require only narrow actions, whereas the current question concerns a case where failure of one security layer could otherwise expose the entire production environment.

Question 259

Service accounts hold broad rights even though their duties require only narrow actions. What is the best-targeted intervention?

  1. Least privilege
  2. Risk-based control selection
  3. Control exception analysis
  4. Data classification alignment

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Least privilege limits rights to the functions actually needed, reducing impact of misuse. By contrast, Control exception analysis is relevant when a critical process cannot meet the baseline and the design team wants to ignore the deviation, not as a substitute for Least privilege in this case.

Incorrect Answers

B:

Risk-based selection connects safeguards to assessed threat paths and acceptable residual exposure; its proper use case is one in which the team proposes buying controls without identifying the business scenarios they should address, not one in which service accounts hold broad rights even though their duties require only narrow actions.

C:

Exception analysis documents the gap, compensating measures, accountable approval, and expiry; it helps when a critical process cannot meet the baseline and the design team wants to ignore the deviation, whereas the present requirement arises because service accounts hold broad rights even though their duties require only narrow actions.

D:

Classification alignment varies safeguards by sensitivity and legal or business consequence; its proper use case is one in which identical protection is being applied to public brochures and regulated medical files, not one in which service accounts hold broad rights even though their duties require only narrow actions.

Question 260

Two options reduce similar exposure but have significantly different lifecycle costs. What should the decision-maker choose?

  1. Control exception analysis
  2. Data classification alignment
  3. Cost-benefit analysis
  4. Defense in depth

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Cost-benefit assessment compares expected risk reduction and total cost before choosing investment. By contrast, Data classification alignment is relevant when identical protection is being applied to public brochures and regulated medical files, not as a substitute for Cost-benefit analysis in this case.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Exception analysis documents the gap, compensating measures, accountable approval, and expiry; this provides its benefit when a critical process cannot meet the baseline and the design team wants to ignore the deviation; the matter at hand is instead that two options reduce similar exposure but have significantly different lifecycle costs.

B:

Classification alignment varies safeguards by sensitivity and legal or business consequence; that is relevant if identical protection is being applied to public brochures and regulated medical files, but it does not directly resolve the need arising when two options reduce similar exposure but have significantly different lifecycle costs.

D:

Layered safeguards combine independent barriers so no single failure creates unrestricted access; its proper use case is one in which failure of one security layer could otherwise expose the entire production environment, not one in which two options reduce similar exposure but have significantly different lifecycle costs.

EC-Council Certified CISO (712-50) Practice Tests