ECCouncil 712-50 (EC-Council Certified CISO) Practice Test 43

Question 420

A review identifies these two distinct gaps: (1) a public site experiences volumetric floods beyond its local internet capacity; (2) unauthorized network announcements might redirect or blackhole critical connectivity. Which TWO options directly satisfy these requirements? Choose TWO.

  1. DDoS protection service
  2. Route filtering
  3. Routing-protocol message authentication
  4. DNS filtering
  5. Secure network device administration
  6. DNSSEC validation

Explanation

Correct Answers

A:

For the requirement that a public site experiences volumetric floods beyond its local internet capacity, upstream mitigation absorbs or filters traffic before it saturates the organization's connection; Route filtering separately addresses the need that unauthorized network announcements might redirect or blackhole critical connectivity.

B:

For the requirement that unauthorized network announcements might redirect or blackhole critical connectivity, route policy rejects unexpected prefixes and peers at controlled routing boundaries; DDoS protection service separately addresses the need that a public site experiences volumetric floods beyond its local internet capacity.

Incorrect Answers

C:

Authenticated routing updates restrict accepted protocol messages to peers holding the required session credentials, reducing unauthorized route injection; it helps when an attacker on an adjacent network can inject forged dynamic-routing updates into an unprotected routing session, whereas the present requirement arises because a public site experiences volumetric floods beyond its local internet capacity; the other need in this item is that unauthorized network announcements might redirect or blackhole critical connectivity.

D:

DNS controls block or warn on disallowed resolution requests while allowing reviewed exceptions; it would be a fit if users regularly resolve domains associated with known phishing and malware infrastructure, whereas the required response must deal with the fact that a public site experiences volumetric floods beyond its local internet capacity; the other need in this item is that unauthorized network announcements might redirect or blackhole critical connectivity.

E:

Encrypted authenticated management with restricted sources protects configuration access; this is pertinent when routers are administered over plaintext management protocols from arbitrary hosts, in contrast with the actual gap where unauthorized network announcements might redirect or blackhole critical connectivity.

F:

DNSSEC validates signed DNS data authenticity where deployed and correctly configured; deploying it would matter if users could receive forged DNS records despite using legitimate recursive resolvers, but the deciding issue here is that unauthorized network announcements might redirect or blackhole critical connectivity.

Question 421

An attacker on the local network sends forged ARP mappings to intercept nearby traffic. What action would satisfy this constraint most directly?

  1. DHCP snooping
  2. ARP inspection
  3. DNSSEC validation
  4. Secure network device administration

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Dynamic ARP inspection validates local address mappings against trusted bindings on supported switches. By contrast, Secure network device administration is relevant when routers are administered over plaintext management protocols from arbitrary hosts, not as a substitute for ARP inspection in this case.

Incorrect Answers

A:

DHCP snooping restricts server responses to trusted switch interfaces and builds binding information; the alternative concern is that a rogue device advertises malicious default gateways to office computers, but the tested need stems from the fact that an attacker on the local network sends forged ARP mappings to intercept nearby traffic.

C:

DNSSEC validates signed DNS data authenticity where deployed and correctly configured; it helps when users could receive forged DNS records despite using legitimate recursive resolvers, whereas the present requirement arises because an attacker on the local network sends forged ARP mappings to intercept nearby traffic.

D:

Encrypted authenticated management with restricted sources protects configuration access; it would be a fit if routers are administered over plaintext management protocols from arbitrary hosts, whereas the required response must deal with the fact that an attacker on the local network sends forged ARP mappings to intercept nearby traffic.

Question 422

A rogue device advertises malicious default gateways to office computers. What approach should the accountable team prioritize?

  1. DDoS protection service
  2. Secure network device administration
  3. DHCP snooping
  4. DNS filtering

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

DHCP snooping restricts server responses to trusted switch interfaces and builds binding information. By contrast, Secure network device administration is relevant when routers are administered over plaintext management protocols from arbitrary hosts, not as a substitute for DHCP snooping in this case.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Upstream mitigation absorbs or filters traffic before it saturates the organization's connection; it helps when a public site experiences volumetric floods beyond its local internet capacity, whereas the present requirement arises because a rogue device advertises malicious default gateways to office computers.

B:

Encrypted authenticated management with restricted sources protects configuration access; the condition under which it applies is that routers are administered over plaintext management protocols from arbitrary hosts, unlike the condition in the question, where a rogue device advertises malicious default gateways to office computers.

D:

DNS controls block or warn on disallowed resolution requests while allowing reviewed exceptions; this is pertinent when users regularly resolve domains associated with known phishing and malware infrastructure, in contrast with the actual gap where a rogue device advertises malicious default gateways to office computers.

Question 423

An attacker on an adjacent network can inject forged dynamic-routing updates into an unprotected routing session. What is the best-targeted intervention?

  1. DDoS protection service
  2. ARP inspection
  3. Routing-protocol message authentication
  4. Secure network device administration

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Authenticated routing updates restrict accepted protocol messages to peers holding the required session credentials, reducing unauthorized route injection. By contrast, Secure network device administration is relevant when routers are administered over plaintext management protocols from arbitrary hosts, not as a substitute for Routing-protocol message authentication in this case.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Upstream mitigation absorbs or filters traffic before it saturates the organization's connection; the condition for this measure is that a public site experiences volumetric floods beyond its local internet capacity, whereas the current question concerns a case where an attacker on an adjacent network can inject forged dynamic-routing updates into an unprotected routing session.

B:

Dynamic ARP inspection validates local address mappings against trusted bindings on supported switches; the alternative concern is that an attacker on the local network sends forged ARP mappings to intercept nearby traffic, but the tested need stems from the fact that an attacker on an adjacent network can inject forged dynamic-routing updates into an unprotected routing session.

D:

Encrypted authenticated management with restricted sources protects configuration access; this is pertinent when routers are administered over plaintext management protocols from arbitrary hosts, in contrast with the actual gap where an attacker on an adjacent network can inject forged dynamic-routing updates into an unprotected routing session.

Question 424

Routers are administered over plaintext management protocols from arbitrary hosts. What should the decision-maker choose?

  1. DNS filtering
  2. Route filtering
  3. Secure network device administration
  4. DHCP snooping

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Encrypted authenticated management with restricted sources protects configuration access. By contrast, DNS filtering is relevant when users regularly resolve domains associated with known phishing and malware infrastructure, not as a substitute for Secure network device administration in this case.

Incorrect Answers

A:

DNS controls block or warn on disallowed resolution requests while allowing reviewed exceptions; the condition under which it applies is that users regularly resolve domains associated with known phishing and malware infrastructure, unlike the condition in the question, where routers are administered over plaintext management protocols from arbitrary hosts.

B:

Route policy rejects unexpected prefixes and peers at controlled routing boundaries; its proper use case is one in which unauthorized network announcements might redirect or blackhole critical connectivity, not one in which routers are administered over plaintext management protocols from arbitrary hosts.

D:

DHCP snooping restricts server responses to trusted switch interfaces and builds binding information; the alternative concern is that a rogue device advertises malicious default gateways to office computers, but the tested need stems from the fact that routers are administered over plaintext management protocols from arbitrary hosts.

Question 425

A regional energy operator is redesigning remote administrative connectivity. Remote maintenance traffic must be encrypted across an untrusted network with authenticated endpoints. What is the best-targeted intervention?

  1. ZTNA application access
  2. Mutually authenticated VPN
  3. Continuous access evaluation
  4. Split-tunnel risk review

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Mutual tunnel authentication protects transport while access still needs separate authorization. By contrast, ZTNA application access is relevant when contractors should reach one internal application without obtaining broad network-level presence, not as a substitute for Mutually authenticated VPN in this case.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Zero-trust network access brokers per-application sessions after identity and device checks; its proper use case is one in which contractors should reach one internal application without obtaining broad network-level presence, not one in which remote maintenance traffic must be encrypted across an untrusted network with authenticated endpoints.

C:

Continuous evaluation reacts to relevant identity or risk changes rather than relying solely on initial login; the alternative concern is that a session should lose access soon after a worker's account is revoked, but the tested need stems from the fact that remote maintenance traffic must be encrypted across an untrusted network with authenticated endpoints.

D:

A split-tunnel review assesses which traffic bypasses security controls and what compensating measures exist; its proper use case is one in which remote clients send some traffic outside corporate inspection and control, not one in which remote maintenance traffic must be encrypted across an untrusted network with authenticated endpoints.

Question 426

Contractors should reach one internal application without obtaining broad network-level presence. What should the decision-maker choose?

  1. Privileged jump host
  2. Remote session timeout
  3. Third-party remote access attestation
  4. ZTNA application access
  5. Split-tunnel risk review

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Zero-trust network access brokers per-application sessions after identity and device checks. By contrast, Remote session timeout is relevant when an unattended remote console remains active indefinitely on a shared machine, not as a substitute for ZTNA application access in this case.

Incorrect Answers

A:

A hardened jump host concentrates and audits privileged connections to restricted targets; this provides its benefit when external support needs controlled access to one production administration interface; the matter at hand is instead that contractors should reach one internal application without obtaining broad network-level presence.

B:

Idle and absolute timeouts limit hijacking of abandoned sessions; such an effect addresses a situation where an unattended remote console remains active indefinitely on a shared machine rather than the situation where contractors should reach one internal application without obtaining broad network-level presence.

C:

Periodic attestation verifies sponsor, business need, approved systems, and access expiry; this is pertinent when a vendor retains remote VPN permissions long after contractual work ends, in contrast with the actual gap where contractors should reach one internal application without obtaining broad network-level presence.

E:

A split-tunnel review assesses which traffic bypasses security controls and what compensating measures exist; the alternative concern is that remote clients send some traffic outside corporate inspection and control, but the tested need stems from the fact that contractors should reach one internal application without obtaining broad network-level presence.

Question 427

A legitimate employee uses a compromised unmanaged laptop to request sensitive remote access. What action would satisfy this constraint most directly?

  1. Split-tunnel risk review
  2. Device posture evaluation
  3. Third-party remote access attestation
  4. Privileged jump host

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Posture checks consider device health as a condition in the access decision. By contrast, Privileged jump host is relevant when external support needs controlled access to one production administration interface, not as a substitute for Device posture evaluation in this case.

Incorrect Answers

A:

A split-tunnel review assesses which traffic bypasses security controls and what compensating measures exist; such an effect addresses a situation where remote clients send some traffic outside corporate inspection and control rather than the situation where a legitimate employee uses a compromised unmanaged laptop to request sensitive remote access.

C:

Periodic attestation verifies sponsor, business need, approved systems, and access expiry; it helps when a vendor retains remote VPN permissions long after contractual work ends, whereas the present requirement arises because a legitimate employee uses a compromised unmanaged laptop to request sensitive remote access.

D:

A hardened jump host concentrates and audits privileged connections to restricted targets; that is relevant if external support needs controlled access to one production administration interface, but it does not directly resolve the need arising when a legitimate employee uses a compromised unmanaged laptop to request sensitive remote access.

Question 428

A session should lose access soon after a worker's account is revoked. What approach should the accountable team prioritize?

  1. ZTNA application access
  2. Mutually authenticated VPN
  3. Split-tunnel risk review
  4. Continuous access evaluation

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Continuous evaluation reacts to relevant identity or risk changes rather than relying solely on initial login. By contrast, Split-tunnel risk review is relevant when remote clients send some traffic outside corporate inspection and control, not as a substitute for Continuous access evaluation in this case.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Zero-trust network access brokers per-application sessions after identity and device checks; the condition for this measure is that contractors should reach one internal application without obtaining broad network-level presence, whereas the current question concerns a case where a session should lose access soon after a worker's account is revoked.

B:

Mutual tunnel authentication protects transport while access still needs separate authorization; this is pertinent when remote maintenance traffic must be encrypted across an untrusted network with authenticated endpoints, in contrast with the actual gap where a session should lose access soon after a worker's account is revoked.

C:

A split-tunnel review assesses which traffic bypasses security controls and what compensating measures exist; its proper use case is one in which remote clients send some traffic outside corporate inspection and control, not one in which a session should lose access soon after a worker's account is revoked.

Question 429

Remote clients send some traffic outside corporate inspection and control. What is the best-targeted intervention?

  1. Privileged jump host
  2. Continuous access evaluation
  3. Mutually authenticated VPN
  4. Split-tunnel risk review

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

A split-tunnel review assesses which traffic bypasses security controls and what compensating measures exist. By contrast, Privileged jump host is relevant when external support needs controlled access to one production administration interface, not as a substitute for Split-tunnel risk review in this case.

Incorrect Answers

A:

A hardened jump host concentrates and audits privileged connections to restricted targets; its proper use case is one in which external support needs controlled access to one production administration interface, not one in which remote clients send some traffic outside corporate inspection and control.

B:

Continuous evaluation reacts to relevant identity or risk changes rather than relying solely on initial login; such an effect addresses a situation where a session should lose access soon after a worker's account is revoked rather than the situation where remote clients send some traffic outside corporate inspection and control.

C:

Mutual tunnel authentication protects transport while access still needs separate authorization; such an effect addresses a situation where remote maintenance traffic must be encrypted across an untrusted network with authenticated endpoints rather than the situation where remote clients send some traffic outside corporate inspection and control.

Question 430

External support needs controlled access to one production administration interface. What should the decision-maker choose?

  1. ZTNA application access
  2. Split-tunnel risk review
  3. Third-party remote access attestation
  4. Privileged jump host

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

A hardened jump host concentrates and audits privileged connections to restricted targets. By contrast, Split-tunnel risk review is relevant when remote clients send some traffic outside corporate inspection and control, not as a substitute for Privileged jump host in this case.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Zero-trust network access brokers per-application sessions after identity and device checks; such an effect addresses a situation where contractors should reach one internal application without obtaining broad network-level presence rather than the situation where external support needs controlled access to one production administration interface.

B:

A split-tunnel review assesses which traffic bypasses security controls and what compensating measures exist; it would be a fit if remote clients send some traffic outside corporate inspection and control, whereas the required response must deal with the fact that external support needs controlled access to one production administration interface.

C:

Periodic attestation verifies sponsor, business need, approved systems, and access expiry; such an effect addresses a situation where a vendor retains remote VPN permissions long after contractual work ends rather than the situation where external support needs controlled access to one production administration interface.

EC-Council Certified CISO (712-50) Practice Tests