ECCouncil 212-89 (EC-Council Certified Incident Handler) Practice Test 75

Question 740

To avoid broad unnecessary disruption, responders consider this finding: Session identifiers remain valid after logout and can be replayed from a second browser. The current decision requires two different outcomes: evidence-based verification AND initial protection, without treating cleanup as complete. Which TWO measures provide those outcomes? (Choose TWO.)

  1. Implement server-verified CSRF tokens and review unauthorized changes
  2. Apply context-aware output encoding and assess impacted sessions
  3. Fix server-side session revocation and invalidate affected active sessions
  4. Test token use after server-side logout and inspect token revocation behavior
  5. Revoke exposed tokens and reduce session lifetimes while investigating
  6. Use secure session lifecycle tests in release pipelines

Explanation

Correct Answers

D:

A visible logout does not guarantee the backend rejected the session; within the combined response for whether session invalidation is ineffective, this supplies evidence validation: that evidence directly tests the concern about whether session invalidation is ineffective, rather than relying on a single unverified indicator.

E:

Invalidating active credentials limits session hijacking; within the combined response for whether session invalidation is ineffective, this supplies initial containment or preservation: the protective decision should be recorded and its effect tested against whether session invalidation is ineffective.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Protection must be checked on the server for each sensitive action; that method could help with whether cross-site request forgery is possible; the initial containment or preservation decision here involves whether session invalidation is ineffective.

B:

Encoding at the output context addresses the underlying flaw; the other incident centers on whether stored cross-site scripting occurs, not this initial containment or preservation question about whether session invalidation is ineffective.

C:

The application should reject tokens marked expired or revoked; when judging whether session invalidation is ineffective, corrective follow-through follows initial protection; this is instead trusted restoration.

F:

Session management should not rely only on browser cookie deletion; the goal is initial containment or preservation for whether session invalidation is ineffective. Prevention cannot replace immediate action.

Question 741

The recovery owner is reviewing the underlying failure in this report: A server renders a user-supplied template and leaks environment values when special template expressions are submitted. What action most directly repairs the affected access, evidence or system state?

  1. Disable user-controlled template execution and rotate potentially exposed secrets
  2. Remove shell construction, use safe APIs and rebuild compromised instances
  3. Restrict template features and test untrusted rendering inputs
  4. Use sandboxed or data-only templates and review leaked configuration

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Recovery must treat environment secrets as possibly compromised; this goes beyond temporary protection and addresses the failure identified through whether server-side template injection exposes secrets.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Stopping evaluation limits additional disclosure and downstream abuse; the case needs trusted restoration addressing whether server-side template injection exposes secrets; temporary protection does not complete correction.

B:

Escaping alone is weaker than avoiding shell interpretation; the activity targets whether OS command injection is occurring; trusted restoration here concerns whether server-side template injection exposes secrets.

C:

Data separation prevents expression execution; for whether server-side template injection exposes secrets, future hardening is not current-state recovery; trusted restoration remains necessary.

Question 742

An evidence-led review starts with the following report: A web shell is found in an upload directory and appears to have been used to execute system commands. What investigation should establish the disputed activity and its timeline?

  1. Block the shell URL and isolate the compromised application instance
  2. Inspect active plug-in version, loaded code and related persistence artifacts
  3. Inspect web access logs, shell file timestamps and process ancestry
  4. Disable execution in upload storage and monitor new executable files

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Web requests connected to spawned commands support active shell usage; this evidence is scoped to whether uploaded code provided persistent remote access, not a generic system-health reading.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Removing the remote execution path limits follow-on commands; when judging whether uploaded code provided persistent remote access, immediate protection does not substantiate findings; this is instead initial containment or preservation.

B:

Restarting does not patch vulnerable software or undo malicious additions; the relevant condition for that step is whether restart removed the exploitable component, which is not shown for whether uploaded code provided persistent remote access.

D:

Architecture should separate untrusted files from executable code; the goal is evidence validation for whether uploaded code provided persistent remote access. Prevention is not incident verification.

Question 743

The responder must establish the timeline from this observation: An API returns another customer's invoice when the numeric object identifier is incremented while logged in. Which analysis step best addresses the missing confirmation?

  1. Reproduce the access with separate authorized test accounts and object IDs
  2. Disable the vulnerable endpoint or enforce emergency per-object checks
  3. Compare accepted request fields with server-side authorization and model binding
  4. Test horizontal privilege boundaries in API security reviews

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Successful reads of another tenant's resource indicate missing object authorization; that evidence directly tests the concern about whether broken object-level authorization permits cross-account access, rather than relying on a single unverified indicator.

Incorrect Answers

B:

Immediate access control stops further cross-account disclosure; when judging whether broken object-level authorization permits cross-account access, immediate protection does not substantiate findings; this is instead initial containment or preservation.

C:

Client-controlled fields must not be allowed to write protected roles; this serves whether mass assignment permits privilege escalation, whereas the requested result is evidence validation involving whether broken object-level authorization permits cross-account access.

D:

Authorization must be checked for each requested object; the requirement concerns whether broken object-level authorization permits cross-account access, so prevention is not incident verification.

Question 744

While full remediation remains pending, the commander receives this incident report: The team restores a web application from backup but leaves a stolen API token active in its environment. The current decision requires two different outcomes: evidence-based verification AND initial protection, without treating cleanup as complete. Which TWO measures provide those outcomes? (Choose TWO.)

  1. Validate token updates across dependent services and regression-test business functions
  2. Compare API audit activity with token issue times and incident scope
  3. Use scoped short-lived credentials and secret-rotation procedures
  4. Use centralized secret management with rotation and inventory
  5. Fix object authorization and restore service only after negative tests pass
  6. Revoke and replace exposed API tokens before reopening access

Explanation

Correct Answers

B:

Restored files do not invalidate externally usable credentials; within the combined response for whether restored service credentials remain compromised, this supplies evidence validation: that evidence directly tests the concern about whether restored service credentials remain compromised, rather than relying on a single unverified indicator.

F:

Identity containment closes the attacker's independent access path; within the combined response for whether restored service credentials remain compromised, this supplies initial containment or preservation: the protective decision should be recorded and its effect tested against whether restored service credentials remain compromised.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Recovery should eliminate secret reuse without breaking integrations; when judging whether restored service credentials remain compromised, corrective follow-through follows initial protection; this is instead trusted restoration.

C:

Controlled secrets reduce lasting impact from web compromises; the requirement concerns whether restored service credentials remain compromised, so prevention cannot replace immediate action.

D:

A managed lifecycle prevents forgotten copies from reintroducing compromise; the activity targets whether restoration inherited a compromised secret; initial containment or preservation here concerns whether restored service credentials remain compromised.

E:

Correct recovery validates security requirements as well as function; the activity targets whether regression testing covers security boundaries; initial containment or preservation here concerns whether restored service credentials remain compromised.

Question 745

Service owners need a bounded short-term safeguard after observing: A commerce site returns database syntax errors after crafted query parameters containing SQL metacharacters. Investigators need both a defensible factual finding and a limited immediate safeguard. Which TWO actions jointly satisfy those requirements? (Choose TWO.)

  1. Block the abusive request pattern while preserving application and database logs
  2. Correlate HTTP parameters, SQL error detail and database statement audit
  3. Use parameterized queries and retest the vulnerable endpoint
  4. Require secure query construction and automated injection testing
  5. Prohibit untrusted command interpolation and test process-spawning endpoints

Explanation

Correct Answers

A:

A targeted WAF rule limits exploitation while development remediates; within the combined response for whether SQL injection reached an unsafe query path, this supplies initial containment or preservation: it protects the affected workflow while investigators continue resolving whether SQL injection reached an unsafe query path.

B:

Matching inputs and query behavior support a code injection hypothesis; within the combined response for whether SQL injection reached an unsafe query path, this supplies evidence validation: this permits a traceable finding about whether SQL injection reached an unsafe query path before the team makes a disruptive change.

Incorrect Answers

C:

Bound parameters prevent user input from altering SQL command structure; the goal is initial containment or preservation for whether SQL injection reached an unsafe query path. Corrective follow-through follows initial protection.

D:

Preventive development controls reduce recurrence; prevention cannot replace immediate action in the decision about whether SQL injection reached an unsafe query path.

E:

Secure design removes the attack primitive; the activity targets whether OS command injection is occurring; initial containment or preservation here concerns whether SQL injection reached an unsafe query path.

Question 746

A tabletop exercise is being updated using the following real-world failure: A login API allows unlimited rapid password attempts against one username with no delay or lockout monitoring. Which improvement should be tracked through the next control-assurance cycle?

  1. Review successful logins and reset compromised passwords if identified
  2. Correlate failed-login velocity, source rotation and account outcomes
  3. Use adaptive throttling, MFA and account-abuse analytics
  4. Test authentication workflows for user enumeration and rate abuse

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Layered defenses make bulk guessing more expensive; the assurance measure is designed around whether online credential guessing is constrained, rather than hiding the reported activity.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Prevention of future attempts does not undo a successful takeover; the goal is recurrence prevention for whether online credential guessing is constrained. Case recovery is not future-risk control.

B:

High-rate attempts indicate a guessing attack even when addresses rotate; an investigation is not recurrence prevention in the decision about whether online credential guessing is constrained.

D:

Preventive testing addresses privacy and brute-force risks; the activity targets whether account enumeration is exposed; recurrence prevention here concerns whether online credential guessing is constrained.

Question 747

Responders are preparing to reinstate operations after this situation: A retail application is back online but attackers altered product prices during the intrusion. What should be corrected before technical closure of the incident?

  1. Compare affected catalog records with approved price histories and audit logs
  2. Monitor high-risk administrative data changes with approval workflows
  3. Restrict order processing until affected price fields are reconciled
  4. Validate token updates across dependent services and regression-test business functions
  5. Restore verified pricing and obtain merchant-owner validation
  6. Rotate secrets in deployments, backup templates and dependent services

Explanation

Correct Answer

E:

Recovery must correct attacker modifications, not just restore uptime; the owner can validate the correction against the evidence bearing on whether restored data has business integrity.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Availability does not show whether price data is trustworthy; for whether restored data has business integrity, verification is not the corrective step; trusted restoration remains necessary.

B:

Business integrity auditing catches malicious edits; the requirement concerns whether restored data has business integrity, so future hardening is not current-state recovery.

C:

Business containment prevents corrupted pricing from driving transactions; the goal is trusted restoration for whether restored data has business integrity. Temporary protection does not complete correction.

D:

Recovery should eliminate secret reuse without breaking integrations; this serves whether restored service credentials remain compromised, whereas the requested result is trusted restoration involving whether restored data has business integrity.

F:

Sustainable recovery eliminates stale secret references; this serves whether restoration inherited a compromised secret, whereas the requested result is trusted restoration involving whether restored data has business integrity.

Question 748

The owner must verify the return to a trusted state for the following: A shopping-cart request changes the quantity after price calculation and the server trusts the client-supplied total. What corrective work is needed before routine operations resume?

  1. Recalculate price and discount server-side and reconcile impacted orders
  2. Use sandboxed or data-only templates and review leaked configuration
  3. Suspend affected checkout paths and reject inconsistent totals
  4. Test business workflows for parameter tampering, not only injection

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Authoritative server checks repair transactional integrity; the affected workflow should not be considered trusted until the issue of whether business logic trusts client-calculated pricing is resolved.

Incorrect Answers

B:

Recovery must treat environment secrets as possibly compromised; this serves whether server-side template injection exposes secrets, whereas the requested result is trusted restoration involving whether business logic trusts client-calculated pricing.

C:

Immediate validation prevents fraudulent transactions; temporary protection does not complete correction in the decision about whether business logic trusts client-calculated pricing.

D:

Logic abuse often survives syntactic input validation; the case needs trusted restoration addressing whether business logic trusts client-calculated pricing; future hardening is not current-state recovery.

Question 749

The incident is resolved, but its root weakness still requires policy attention: A clean application instance is deployed while a compromised database credential remains stored in configuration backups. What durable process or monitoring change would make a repeat less likely?

  1. Use scoped short-lived credentials and secret-rotation procedures
  2. Check deployed and archived secret versions against the exposure timeline
  3. Use centralized secret management with rotation and inventory
  4. Rotate secrets in deployments, backup templates and dependent services
  5. Block the exposed secret at the database and stop deployments that reuse it

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

A managed lifecycle prevents forgotten copies from reintroducing compromise; the ongoing control is targeted at whether restoration inherited a compromised secret, rather than a one-time emergency fix.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Controlled secrets reduce lasting impact from web compromises; the other incident centers on whether restored service credentials remain compromised, not this recurrence prevention question about whether restoration inherited a compromised secret.

B:

Reusing a stolen credential can immediately reenable access to a rebuilt application; the case needs recurrence prevention addressing whether restoration inherited a compromised secret; an investigation is not recurrence prevention.

D:

Sustainable recovery eliminates stale secret references; for whether restoration inherited a compromised secret, case recovery is not future-risk control; recurrence prevention remains necessary.

E:

Containment targets the shared authentication path; the requirement concerns whether restoration inherited a compromised secret, so one-time protection is not durable prevention.

Question 750

Before granting routine access again, the team reviews this case: An application accepts any HTTP method on its administrative routes even though only GET and POST are needed. What must the response owner validate as part of safe recovery?

  1. Use explicit route-method allowlists and automated negative tests
  2. Install a trusted staging certificate and validate production trust configuration
  3. Update router configuration and verify authorized methods still work
  4. Reject unapproved methods at the application or gateway

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Recovery should align implementation with intended API contract; the recovery decision is tied to whether excess methods expose unintended functionality, not merely to reduced alert volume.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Least functionality reduces attack surface; when judging whether excess methods expose unintended functionality, future hardening is not current-state recovery; this is instead recurrence prevention.

B:

Correct trust repair avoids an insecure global workaround; the relevant condition for that step is whether client connections authenticate the remote service, which is not shown for whether excess methods expose unintended functionality.

D:

Method constraints reduce exposed operations immediately; the goal is trusted restoration for whether excess methods expose unintended functionality. Temporary protection does not complete correction.

EC-Council Certified Incident Handler (212-89) Practice Tests