ECCouncil 712-50 (EC-Council Certified CISO) Practice Test 38

Question 370

Administrators manage production from devices also used for browsing unknown websites. What approach should the accountable team prioritize?

  1. Privileged session recording
  2. Privileged access workstation
  3. Password vaulting
  4. Privileged access review

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Dedicated hardened workstations reduce exposure of privileged sessions to ordinary endpoint threats. By contrast, Privileged access review is relevant when a former project administrator still holds domain-level rights months after assignment completion, not as a substitute for Privileged access workstation in this case.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Session recording retains a controlled audit trail of privileged activity under approved privacy rules; the condition for this measure is that investigators need accountability for commands executed during sensitive vendor maintenance, whereas the current question concerns a case where administrators manage production from devices also used for browsing unknown websites.

C:

A vault centrally protects secrets and supports controlled checkout, audit, and rotation; the alternative concern is that multiple teams share an administrator password stored in unmanaged documents, but the tested need stems from the fact that administrators manage production from devices also used for browsing unknown websites.

D:

Privileged reviews detect unnecessary high-impact rights and enforce time-bounded authorization; deploying it would matter if a former project administrator still holds domain-level rights months after assignment completion, but the deciding issue here is that administrators manage production from devices also used for browsing unknown websites.

Question 371

Multiple teams share an administrator password stored in unmanaged documents. What is the best-targeted intervention?

  1. Password vaulting
  2. Privileged access review
  3. Dual control for critical changes
  4. Break-glass account

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

A vault centrally protects secrets and supports controlled checkout, audit, and rotation. By contrast, Break-glass account is relevant when a primary identity provider may be unavailable during a critical outage, not as a substitute for Password vaulting in this case.

Incorrect Answers

B:

Privileged reviews detect unnecessary high-impact rights and enforce time-bounded authorization; such an effect addresses a situation where a former project administrator still holds domain-level rights months after assignment completion rather than the situation where multiple teams share an administrator password stored in unmanaged documents.

C:

Dual control requires independent authorization for actions capable of bypassing critical safeguards; the condition under which it applies is that one administrator can alter both payment rules and the logging that would reveal the change, unlike the condition in the question, where multiple teams share an administrator password stored in unmanaged documents.

D:

Emergency accounts provide tightly governed alternate access with monitoring and periodic validation; the condition under which it applies is that a primary identity provider may be unavailable during a critical outage, unlike the condition in the question, where multiple teams share an administrator password stored in unmanaged documents.

Question 372

Investigators need accountability for commands executed during sensitive vendor maintenance. What should the decision-maker choose?

  1. Privileged session recording
  2. Break-glass account
  3. Dual control for critical changes
  4. Just-in-time privilege
  5. Privileged access review

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Session recording retains a controlled audit trail of privileged activity under approved privacy rules. By contrast, Break-glass account is relevant when a primary identity provider may be unavailable during a critical outage, not as a substitute for Privileged session recording in this case.

Incorrect Answers

B:

Emergency accounts provide tightly governed alternate access with monitoring and periodic validation; this is pertinent when a primary identity provider may be unavailable during a critical outage, in contrast with the actual gap where investigators need accountability for commands executed during sensitive vendor maintenance.

C:

Dual control requires independent authorization for actions capable of bypassing critical safeguards; that is relevant if one administrator can alter both payment rules and the logging that would reveal the change, but it does not directly resolve the need arising when investigators need accountability for commands executed during sensitive vendor maintenance.

D:

JIT elevation grants temporary privileges and removes standing authority after the approved task; it would be a fit if engineers need administrative rights only during short, approved maintenance windows, whereas the required response must deal with the fact that investigators need accountability for commands executed during sensitive vendor maintenance.

E:

Privileged reviews detect unnecessary high-impact rights and enforce time-bounded authorization; the condition for this measure is that a former project administrator still holds domain-level rights months after assignment completion, whereas the current question concerns a case where investigators need accountability for commands executed during sensitive vendor maintenance.

Question 373

A primary identity provider may be unavailable during a critical outage. What action would satisfy this constraint most directly?

  1. Service account credential hardening
  2. Just-in-time privilege
  3. Break-glass account
  4. Dual control for critical changes

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Emergency accounts provide tightly governed alternate access with monitoring and periodic validation. By contrast, Service account credential hardening is relevant when a batch job uses a nonexpiring shared privileged secret in several scripts, not as a substitute for Break-glass account in this case.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Managed identities or protected rotated credentials reduce long-lived secret exposure where supported; this provides its benefit when a batch job uses a nonexpiring shared privileged secret in several scripts; the matter at hand is instead that a primary identity provider may be unavailable during a critical outage.

B:

JIT elevation grants temporary privileges and removes standing authority after the approved task; the condition under which it applies is that engineers need administrative rights only during short, approved maintenance windows, unlike the condition in the question, where a primary identity provider may be unavailable during a critical outage.

D:

Dual control requires independent authorization for actions capable of bypassing critical safeguards; it would be a fit if one administrator can alter both payment rules and the logging that would reveal the change, whereas the required response must deal with the fact that a primary identity provider may be unavailable during a critical outage.

Question 374

A former project administrator still holds domain-level rights months after assignment completion. What approach should the accountable team prioritize?

  1. Privileged access workstation
  2. Privileged access review
  3. Break-glass account
  4. Dual control for critical changes

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Privileged reviews detect unnecessary high-impact rights and enforce time-bounded authorization. By contrast, Privileged access workstation is relevant when administrators manage production from devices also used for browsing unknown websites, not as a substitute for Privileged access review in this case.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Dedicated hardened workstations reduce exposure of privileged sessions to ordinary endpoint threats; this provides its benefit when administrators manage production from devices also used for browsing unknown websites; the matter at hand is instead that a former project administrator still holds domain-level rights months after assignment completion.

C:

Emergency accounts provide tightly governed alternate access with monitoring and periodic validation; the condition under which it applies is that a primary identity provider may be unavailable during a critical outage, unlike the condition in the question, where a former project administrator still holds domain-level rights months after assignment completion.

D:

Dual control requires independent authorization for actions capable of bypassing critical safeguards; its proper use case is one in which one administrator can alter both payment rules and the logging that would reveal the change, not one in which a former project administrator still holds domain-level rights months after assignment completion.

Question 375

A batch job uses a nonexpiring shared privileged secret in several scripts. What is the best-targeted intervention?

  1. Privileged session recording
  2. Just-in-time privilege
  3. Privileged access workstation
  4. Service account credential hardening

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Managed identities or protected rotated credentials reduce long-lived secret exposure where supported. By contrast, Privileged session recording is relevant when investigators need accountability for commands executed during sensitive vendor maintenance, not as a substitute for Service account credential hardening in this case.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Session recording retains a controlled audit trail of privileged activity under approved privacy rules; that helps with the separate case where investigators need accountability for commands executed during sensitive vendor maintenance, not with the issue that a batch job uses a nonexpiring shared privileged secret in several scripts.

B:

JIT elevation grants temporary privileges and removes standing authority after the approved task; that helps with the separate case where engineers need administrative rights only during short, approved maintenance windows, not with the issue that a batch job uses a nonexpiring shared privileged secret in several scripts.

C:

Dedicated hardened workstations reduce exposure of privileged sessions to ordinary endpoint threats; the alternative concern is that administrators manage production from devices also used for browsing unknown websites, but the tested need stems from the fact that a batch job uses a nonexpiring shared privileged secret in several scripts.

Question 376

One administrator can alter both payment rules and the logging that would reveal the change. What should the decision-maker choose?

  1. Service account credential hardening
  2. Privileged session recording
  3. Break-glass account
  4. Dual control for critical changes

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Dual control requires independent authorization for actions capable of bypassing critical safeguards. By contrast, Privileged session recording is relevant when investigators need accountability for commands executed during sensitive vendor maintenance, not as a substitute for Dual control for critical changes in this case.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Managed identities or protected rotated credentials reduce long-lived secret exposure where supported; its proper use case is one in which a batch job uses a nonexpiring shared privileged secret in several scripts, not one in which one administrator can alter both payment rules and the logging that would reveal the change.

B:

Session recording retains a controlled audit trail of privileged activity under approved privacy rules; its proper use case is one in which investigators need accountability for commands executed during sensitive vendor maintenance, not one in which one administrator can alter both payment rules and the logging that would reveal the change.

C:

Emergency accounts provide tightly governed alternate access with monitoring and periodic validation; that helps with the separate case where a primary identity provider may be unavailable during a critical outage, not with the issue that one administrator can alter both payment rules and the logging that would reveal the change.

Question 377

A global retailer is integrating authentication across subsidiaries and external partners. A legacy enterprise web application expects a browser-based signed identity assertion from a central provider. What is the best-targeted intervention?

  1. Single sign-on
  2. Conditional federated access
  3. OAuth 2.0 authorization
  4. SAML federation

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

SAML exchanges federated identity assertions between trusted identity and service providers. By contrast, OAuth 2.0 authorization is relevant when a mobile application needs delegated API access without receiving the user's password, not as a substitute for SAML federation in this case.

Incorrect Answers

A:

SSO reuses a trusted sign-in session across integrated services without implying identical authorization; the condition for this measure is that employees repeatedly enter separate credentials for every affiliated internal application, whereas the current question concerns a case where a legacy enterprise web application expects a browser-based signed identity assertion from a central provider.

B:

Conditional access adds context-sensitive restrictions after authentication before resource authorization; this provides its benefit when partner staff may sign in, but access must also reflect device compliance and user risk; the matter at hand is instead that a legacy enterprise web application expects a browser-based signed identity assertion from a central provider.

C:

OAuth issues scoped access tokens to authorize resource access, not inherently prove sign-in identity; it would be a fit if a mobile application needs delegated API access without receiving the user's password, whereas the required response must deal with the fact that a legacy enterprise web application expects a browser-based signed identity assertion from a central provider.

Question 378

The program has two different deficiencies: (1) a mobile application needs delegated API access without receiving the user's password; (2) a new consumer application needs standardized identity claims on top of OAuth 2.0. Which TWO options directly satisfy these requirements? Choose TWO.

  1. Conditional federated access
  2. SCIM provisioning
  3. Single sign-on
  4. SAML federation
  5. OAuth 2.0 authorization
  6. OpenID Connect

Explanation

Correct Answers

E:

For the requirement that a mobile application needs delegated API access without receiving the user's password, OAuth issues scoped access tokens to authorize resource access, not inherently prove sign-in identity; OpenID Connect separately addresses the need that a new consumer application needs standardized identity claims on top of OAuth 2.0.

F:

For the requirement that a new consumer application needs standardized identity claims on top of OAuth 2.0, OIDC adds authentication and ID-token semantics for application sign-in; OAuth 2.0 authorization separately addresses the need that a mobile application needs delegated API access without receiving the user's password.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Conditional access adds context-sensitive restrictions after authentication before resource authorization; that is relevant if partner staff may sign in, but access must also reflect device compliance and user risk, but it does not directly resolve the need arising when a new consumer application needs standardized identity claims on top of OAuth 2.0.

B:

SCIM provides standardized user and group provisioning between identity and service systems; it helps when saaS accounts must be created and disabled consistently from an enterprise identity system, whereas the present requirement arises because a new consumer application needs standardized identity claims on top of OAuth 2.0.

C:

SSO reuses a trusted sign-in session across integrated services without implying identical authorization; deploying it would matter if employees repeatedly enter separate credentials for every affiliated internal application, but the deciding issue here is that a mobile application needs delegated API access without receiving the user's password; the other need in this item is that a new consumer application needs standardized identity claims on top of OAuth 2.0.

D:

SAML exchanges federated identity assertions between trusted identity and service providers; such an effect addresses a situation where a legacy enterprise web application expects a browser-based signed identity assertion from a central provider rather than the situation where a mobile application needs delegated API access without receiving the user's password; the other need in this item is that a new consumer application needs standardized identity claims on top of OAuth 2.0.

Question 379

A mobile application needs delegated API access without receiving the user's password. What action would satisfy this constraint most directly?

  1. Conditional federated access
  2. SCIM provisioning
  3. Single sign-on
  4. OAuth 2.0 authorization

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

OAuth issues scoped access tokens to authorize resource access, not inherently prove sign-in identity. By contrast, SCIM provisioning is relevant when saaS accounts must be created and disabled consistently from an enterprise identity system, not as a substitute for OAuth 2.0 authorization in this case.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Conditional access adds context-sensitive restrictions after authentication before resource authorization; that helps with the separate case where partner staff may sign in, but access must also reflect device compliance and user risk, not with the issue that a mobile application needs delegated API access without receiving the user's password.

B:

SCIM provides standardized user and group provisioning between identity and service systems; the condition for this measure is that saaS accounts must be created and disabled consistently from an enterprise identity system, whereas the current question concerns a case where a mobile application needs delegated API access without receiving the user's password.

C:

SSO reuses a trusted sign-in session across integrated services without implying identical authorization; it would be a fit if employees repeatedly enter separate credentials for every affiliated internal application, whereas the required response must deal with the fact that a mobile application needs delegated API access without receiving the user's password.

Question 380

The CISO must resolve these three conditions: (1) saaS accounts must be created and disabled consistently from an enterprise identity system; (2) a new consumer application needs standardized identity claims on top of OAuth 2.0; (3) partner staff may sign in, but access must also reflect device compliance and user risk. Which THREE options directly satisfy these requirements? Choose THREE.

  1. SCIM provisioning
  2. OAuth 2.0 authorization
  3. SAML federation
  4. OpenID Connect
  5. Conditional federated access
  6. Single sign-on

Explanation

Correct Answers

A:

For the requirement that saaS accounts must be created and disabled consistently from an enterprise identity system, SCIM provides standardized user and group provisioning between identity and service systems; OpenID Connect separately addresses the need that a new consumer application needs standardized identity claims on top of OAuth 2.0.

D:

For the requirement that a new consumer application needs standardized identity claims on top of OAuth 2.0, OIDC adds authentication and ID-token semantics for application sign-in; SCIM provisioning separately addresses the need that saaS accounts must be created and disabled consistently from an enterprise identity system.

E:

For the requirement that partner staff may sign in, but access must also reflect device compliance and user risk, conditional access adds context-sensitive restrictions after authentication before resource authorization; SCIM provisioning separately addresses the need that saaS accounts must be created and disabled consistently from an enterprise identity system.

Incorrect Answers

B:

OAuth issues scoped access tokens to authorize resource access, not inherently prove sign-in identity; it would be a fit if a mobile application needs delegated API access without receiving the user's password, whereas the required response must deal with the fact that partner staff may sign in, but access must also reflect device compliance and user risk; the other need in this item is that saaS accounts must be created and disabled consistently from an enterprise identity system.

C:

SAML exchanges federated identity assertions between trusted identity and service providers; the alternative concern is that a legacy enterprise web application expects a browser-based signed identity assertion from a central provider, but the tested need stems from the fact that partner staff may sign in, but access must also reflect device compliance and user risk; the other need in this item is that saaS accounts must be created and disabled consistently from an enterprise identity system.

F:

SSO reuses a trusted sign-in session across integrated services without implying identical authorization; this provides its benefit when employees repeatedly enter separate credentials for every affiliated internal application; the matter at hand is instead that partner staff may sign in, but access must also reflect device compliance and user risk; the other need in this item is that saaS accounts must be created and disabled consistently from an enterprise identity system.

EC-Council Certified CISO (712-50) Practice Tests