Amazon GuardDuty, AWS Security Hub CSPM, AWS Security Hub, and Amazon Detective can operate together, but they solve distinct detection, posture, correlation, and investigation problems. […]
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Amazon AWS SCS-C03: KMS Key Policies, IAM Policies, or Grants?
AWS KMS permissions can be confusing because access to a KMS key can involve more than one authorization mechanism. Every KMS key has a key […]
Amazon AWS SCS-C03: Security Groups, NACLs, and Network Firewall
AWS security groups, network ACLs, and AWS Network Firewall all control network traffic, but they operate at different points and with different state models. Security […]
Amazon AWS SCS-C03: Incident Response for Compromised EC2
A potentially compromised EC2 instance creates a conflict between two goals: Stop the attacker. Preserve enough evidence to understand what happened. A rushed response can […]
Amazon AWS SCS-C03: Macie for S3 Data Protection
Amazon Macie helps security teams understand where sensitive data exists in Amazon S3. It does not replace S3 permissions, encryption, or data-loss-prevention policy. Its primary […]
Amazon AWS SAA-C03: Which AWS Load Balancer Should You Use?
AWS offers several Elastic Load Balancing options because the traffic decision itself can happen at different layers. An architect choosing between Application Load Balancer (ALB), […]
Amazon AWS SAA-C03: RDS Multi-AZ vs Read Replicas
Amazon RDS Multi-AZ deployments and read replicas both create additional database instances or copies, but they exist for different reasons. Multi-AZ is primarily an availability […]
Amazon AWS SAA-C03: S3 Storage Classes, Lifecycle Rules, and Replication
Amazon S3 architecture is not just a choice between “hot” and “archive” storage. A good design separates three decisions: which storage class fits the access […]
Amazon AWS SAA-C03: Organizations, IAM Identity Center, and SCPs
Large AWS environments need more than IAM policies inside individual accounts. AWS Organizations provides the account hierarchy and organization-wide policy boundary, IAM Identity Center provides […]
Amazon AWS SAA-C03: Route 53 Routing Policies
Amazon Route 53 routing policies determine how authoritative DNS answers are selected when multiple records or endpoints could satisfy a query. They do not turn […]
Amazon AWS SOA-C03: CloudWatch Composite Alarms and EventBridge Remediation
CloudWatch alarms are often treated as notification tools, but AWS can use them as the start of a controlled remediation workflow. Metric alarms detect conditions, […]
Amazon AWS SOA-C03: Systems Manager Automation Runbooks
AWS Systems Manager Automation turns operational procedures into repeatable workflows called runbooks. Instead of relying on an engineer to remember a sequence of console clicks […]
Amazon AWS SOA-C03: Choosing AWS Backup, EBS Snapshots, or AMIs
AWS Backup, Amazon EBS snapshots, and Amazon Machine Images (AMIs) all participate in EC2 recovery, but they operate at different layers. An EBS snapshot protects […]
Amazon AWS SOA-C03: CloudFormation vs AWS CDK for CloudOps
AWS CloudFormation and the AWS Cloud Development Kit (CDK) are often presented as competing infrastructure-as-code choices, but operationally they sit at different layers. CloudFormation is […]
Amazon AWS SOA-C03: VPC Flow Logs, Reachability Analyzer, and Network Monitoring
AWS network troubleshooting is easier when the question is classified before a tool is opened. VPC Flow Logs provide metadata about observed IP flows. Reachability […]