Google Cloud encryption discussions often mix together three terms that describe different layers of the design. Customer-managed encryption keys, or CMEK, describe an integration in […]
Cloud Computing
Google Cloud PCSE: Binary Authorization and Artifact Analysis
Container security is not solved by scanning an image once, and it is not solved by blocking unsigned images without knowing what the signature means. […]
Amazon AWS AIP-C01: RAG Chunking Strategies on Amazon Bedrock
Retrieval-augmented generation can fail even when the foundation model is capable and the source documents contain the right answer. One of the most common reasons […]
Amazon AWS AIP-C01: Bedrock Agents vs Step Functions
Amazon Bedrock AgentCore and AWS Step Functions can both participate in a multi-step AI application, but they solve different orchestration problems. AgentCore is designed for […]
Amazon AWS AIP-C01: Bedrock Guardrails and Prompt-Injection Defense
Prompt injection is not a conventional input-validation problem. A generative AI application can receive text that looks like ordinary user content but attempts to override […]
Amazon AWS AIP-C01: Evaluating Generative AI on AWS
A generative AI application should not be promoted because a few demonstration prompts looked impressive. Production quality has to be measured against the real task, […]
Amazon AWS AIP-C01: Optimizing GenAI Cost and Latency on AWS
Generative AI cost and latency are often treated as separate problems, but many of the same architectural choices influence both. A larger model can cost […]
Amazon AWS SCS-C03: Incident Response for Compromised EC2
A potentially compromised EC2 instance creates a conflict between two goals: Stop the attacker. Preserve enough evidence to understand what happened. A rushed response can […]
Amazon AWS SCS-C03: Macie for S3 Data Protection
Amazon Macie helps security teams understand where sensitive data exists in Amazon S3. It does not replace S3 permissions, encryption, or data-loss-prevention policy. Its primary […]
Amazon AWS SAA-C03: RDS Multi-AZ vs Read Replicas
Amazon RDS Multi-AZ deployments and read replicas both create additional database instances or copies, but they exist for different reasons. Multi-AZ is primarily an availability […]
Amazon AWS SAA-C03: S3 Storage Classes, Lifecycle Rules, and Replication
Amazon S3 architecture is not just a choice between “hot” and “archive” storage. A good design separates three decisions: which storage class fits the access […]
Amazon AWS SOA-C03: CloudWatch Composite Alarms and EventBridge Remediation
CloudWatch alarms are often treated as notification tools, but AWS can use them as the start of a controlled remediation workflow. Metric alarms detect conditions, […]
Amazon AWS SOA-C03: Systems Manager Automation Runbooks
AWS Systems Manager Automation turns operational procedures into repeatable workflows called runbooks. Instead of relying on an engineer to remember a sequence of console clicks […]
Amazon AWS SOA-C03: Choosing AWS Backup, EBS Snapshots, or AMIs
AWS Backup, Amazon EBS snapshots, and Amazon Machine Images (AMIs) all participate in EC2 recovery, but they operate at different layers. An EBS snapshot protects […]
Amazon AWS SOA-C03: CloudFormation vs AWS CDK for CloudOps
AWS CloudFormation and the AWS Cloud Development Kit (CDK) are often presented as competing infrastructure-as-code choices, but operationally they sit at different layers. CloudFormation is […]